Huang, Cheng
Lou, Diming
Hu, Zhiyuan
Tan, Piqiang
Yao, Di
Hu, Wei
Li, Peng
Ren, Jin
Chen, Changhong
This study investigated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles based on test bench and on-board measurements. The bench test results showed the ultrafine particle number concentration of the diesel engine to be in the range of (0.56-8.35) x 10(8) cm(-3). The on-board measurement results illustrated that the ultrafine particles were strongly correlated with changes in real-world driving cycles. The particle number concentration was down to 2.0 x 10(6) cm(-3) and 2.7 x 10(7) cm(-3) under decelerating and idling operations and as high as 5.0 x 10(8) cm(-3) under accelerating operation. It was also indicated that the particle number measured by the two methods increased with the growth of engine load at each engine speed in both cases. The particle number presented a "U" shaped distribution with changing speed at high engine load conditions, which implies that the particle number will reach its lowest level at medium engine speeds. The particle sizes of both measurements showed single mode distributions. The peak of particle size was located at about 50-80 run in the accumulation mode particle range. Nucleation mode particles will significantly increase at low engine load operations like idling and decelerating caused by the high concentration of unburned organic compounds.
In this paper; we present a man-in-the-middle attack on 3G-WLAN internetworking; one of the widely used technologies in real-world deployment. Since 3G runs CS (Circuit Switch) in many practice and WLAN runs PS (Packet Switch); a gateway is necessary to perform protocol transforming to achieve internetworking of 3G and WLAN. However; the 3G-WLAN gateway is frangible to the kernel upgrade attack which allows the intruder to refresh the kernel of a valid 3G-WLAN gateway. By this means; the attacker can stealthily eavesdrop on all the UE-initiated (User Equipment) traffic from either 3G or WLAN during the protocol transforming and codec transcoding.
Sodium=E2=80=91glucose co=E2=80=91transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are recently developed oral hypoglycemic agents, which act on renal proximal tubules by reducing the reabsorption of glucose and increasing the excretion of glucose in the urine. However, the mechanism underlying renoprotection has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have indicated that the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) increased in patients with kidney disease, and may result in renal damage through the activation of nuclear factor=E2=80=91kappaB (NF=E2=80=91kappaB) and an increase in receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the SGLT=E2=80=912 inhibitor dapagliflozin on cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK=E2=80=912). HK=E2=80=912 cells were grown under high glucose conditions for 48h in the presence or absence of dapagliflozin. The markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrillation levels were then detected by reverse transcription=E2=80=91quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Hyperglycemia increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), monocyte chemoattractant protein=E2=80=911 (MCP=E2=80=911), intercellular adhesion molecule=E2=80=911 (ICAM=E2=80=911), fibronectin (FN), collagenase type 1 (COL=E2=80=911), HMGB1, RAGE and NF=E2=80=91kappaB, and the effects could be reversed by dapagliflozin in a concentration=E2=80=91dependent manner. The results of the present study suggested that HMGB1 increased the expression and secretion of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrillation, including MDA, SOD, MCP=E2=80=911, ICAM=E2=80=911, FN and COL=E2=80=911, in diabetic nephropathy. However, dapagliflozin significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers and postponed the progression of renal injury. It was therefore suggested this may be mediated through the inhibition of HMGB1=E2=80=91RAGE-NF=E2=80=91kappaB signaling pathway.=20
Wang, Ye
Yang, Ye
Qin, Li
Wang, Chao
Yao, Di
Liu, Yun
Wang, Lijun
808nm high power diode lasers; which is rapidly maturing technology technically and commercially since the introduction in 1999 of complete kilowatt-scale diode laser systems; have important applications in the fields of industry and pumping solid-state lasers (DPSSL). High power and high power conversion efficiency are extremely important in diode lasers; and they could lead to new applications where space; weight and electrical power are critical. High efficiency devices generate less waste heat; which means less strain on the cooling system and more tolerance to thermal conductivity variation; a lower junction temperature and longer lifetimes. Diode lasers with Al-free materials have superior power conversion efficiency compared with conventional AlGaAs/GaAs devices because of their lower differential series resistance and higher thermal conductivity. 808nm GaAsP/GaInP broad-waveguide emitting diode laser bars with 1mm cavity length have been fabricated. The peak power can reach to 100.9W at 106.5A at quasicontinuous wave operation (200渭s; 1000Hz). The maximum power conversion efficiency is 57.38%. Based on these high power laser bars; we fabricate a 1x3 arrays; the maximum power is 64.3W in continuous wave mode when the current is 25.0A. And the threshold current is 5.9A; the slope efficiency is 3.37 W/A.
High-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) has been successfully developed for early warning, especially for monitoring the moving vessels. However, it can be blinded by space spread clutter (SSC) which can cover a wide looking directions, such as sea clutter and ionospheric clutter in HFSWR. A few methods have made great efforts for SSC cancellation, but these efforts make no sense for the clutter in main-lobe that is a long-standing problem. In this paper, a spread clutter estimated canceller (SCEC) based on single notch space filter has been developed for SSC cancellation to cancel the clutter in the main-lobe with the idea of estimating the SSC in the looking direction through the ones in side-lobes. The feasibility of the idea has been described and demonstrated by the results of simulations and measured data which make great significance for target detection and tracking.
Yao, Di
Levey, Christopher G.
Tian, Rui
Sullivan, Charles R.
V-groove microinductors are designed, fabricated, and tested for operation above 10 MHz. Multilayer nanogranular Co-Zr-O/ZrO 2 magnetic thin films are used as the core material of these inductors, to improve the magnetic performance of the films deposited on the sidewalls of V-grooves and to control eddy-current loss in the core. Prototype V-groove inductors are fabricated in a Si substrate based on optimization results for 7 to 3.3-V, 1-A dc-dc buck converters. The inductors exhibit an inductance of 3.4 nH from 10 to 100 MHz, a dc resistance of 3.83 mOmega, and a quality factor of up to at least 50. The prototype inductors are a promising candidate for high-power-density high-efficiency dc-dc converters. The measured inductor performance indicates that they could be used to make a 7 to 3.3-V, 1-A converter exhibiting a power density of 2.5 W/mm 2 and an efficiency of 86% at 100 MHz; or a power density of 0.36 W/mm 2 and an efficiency of 91% at 11 MHz.
Peng, Xialian
Yao, Di
Pan, Yingming
Yu, Qing
Ni, Shouhai
Bian, Hedong
Huang, Fuping
Liang, Hong
Polydatin is a traditional Chinese medicine which shows effective biological activity as antimicrobial and antiviral agent. The secondary structure changes of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated by the methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), circular dichroism (CD) and Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicated that polydatin changed the secondary structure of BSA. The presence of polydatin decreased alpha-helix content of BSA. The conformations of disulfide bridges and the microenvironment of Tyr, Trp residues were also changed. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Staphylococcus aureus can cause different types of diseases from mild skin infections to life-threatening sepsis worldwide. Owing to the emergence and transmission of multidrug-resistant strains, developing an impactful immunotherapy especially vaccine control approach against S. aureus infections is increasingly encouraged and supported. S. aureus manganese transport protein C (MntC), which is a highly-conserved cell surface protein, can elicit protective immunity against S. aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In this study, we evaluated the humoral immune response and CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses in a mouse peritonitis model. The results showed that MntC-specific antibodies conferred an essential protection for mice to reduce invasion of S. aureus, which was corroborated via the opsonophagocytic killing assay and passive immunization experiment in mice, and moreover MntC-induced Th17 played a remarkable part in preventing S. aureus infection since the MntC-induced protective immunity decreased after neutralization of IL-17 by antibody in vivo and the Th17 adoptive transferred-mice could partly resist S. aureus challenge. In conclusion, we considered that the MntC-specific antibodies and MntC-specific Th17 cells play cooperative roles in the prevention of S. aureus infection.=20
A 2-D cobalt-organic framework formulated as [Co(bdc)(bptb)](n) (1), built from a mixed 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate anion (bdc), 1,4-bis(5-(4-pyridyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzene (bptb), and cobalt salt, has been hydrothermally synthesized and characterized. Complex 1 has a [Co(bdc)](n) chain structure in which the chains are isolated by the bptb ligands in a 2-D wave-like architecture. The magnetic behavior of complex 1 was studied, and it indicated the coexistence of spin-canted weak ferromagnetism with T-N = 10 K and long-range magnetic ordering. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.