Creat membership Creat membership
Sign in

Forgot password?

Confirm
  • Forgot password?
    Sign Up
  • Confirm
    Sign In
home > search

Now showing items 129 - 144 of 2363

  • Anisotropy analysis of stresses and strain energies in diamond-cubic films

    Yan Zhang   Jian-Min Zhang   Vincent Ji  

    A thin polycrystalline film bonded to a thick substrate of different thermal expansion coefficients will experience thermal stresses when the temperature is changed. These stresses and the corresponding strain energies for grains having various crystallographic orientations ( hkl) relative to the film surface have been calculated for diamond-cubic polycrystalline films diamond, Si and Ge. The results show that, only in (100)- and (111)-oriented grains, the stresses sigma1 and sigma2 in the plane of the film surface are equal and (100)-oriented grains have the lowest stress and strain energy and (111)-oriented grains the highest. So that, from stress and/or strain energy minimization, the (100) preferred orientation should be favorable in these films after annealing. The stresses sigma1 and sigma2 and strain energy densities w in other ( hkl)-oriented grains increase linearly with increasing angle between ( hkl) and (100). This can be used to estimate the relative values of the stresses and strain energies from a deviation of a grain orientation from (100). [All rights reserved Elsevier]
    Download Collect
  • Silver in Tokyo Bay estuarine waters and Japanese rivers

    Yan Zhang   Hajime Obata   Toshitaka Gamo  

    Dissolved and particulate concentrations of silver in Tokyo Bay estuarine waters and Japanese rivers were determined in this study. The dissolved silver concentrations in the surface water of Tokyo Bay range from 5.9 to 15.1 pmol kg−1, which is comparable to those in the surface water of the Japan Sea, but two or three times higher than those in the surface water of the open ocean. However, elevated concentrations of dissolved silver are not found in Tokyo Bay compared with those in other highly urbanized estuaries, such as San Francisco Bay (20∼243 pmol kg−1). In the Tokyo Bay estuary, silver typically exhibits non-conservative mixing behavior, which is a common feature in the other estuaries reported previously. Dissolved silver concentrations decrease with salinity from the rivers to the mouth of Tokyo Bay. Silver is efficiently scavenged by suspended particulates, as evidenced by the high conditional distribution coefficients for silver throughout the estuary (log Kd > 5.0 卤 0.6). The silver fluxes into Tokyo Bay via inflowing rivers and atmospheric deposition were estimated as 83 kg y−1 and 15 kg y−1, respectively. A simple budget calculation shows that the silver supplied from rivers and atmosphere must be rapidly scavenged within the Tokyo Bay estuary.
    Download Collect
  • A Cu/ZnO Nanowire/Cu Resistive Switching Device

    Lijie Li   Yan Zhang   Zhengjun Chew  

    A new device has been realized using flip-chip joining two printed circuit boards (PCBs) on which zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized. Energy dispersive X-ray measurement has been conducted for the ZnO nanowires, confirming that Cu elements have been diffused into the nanowires during the chemical growth process. From I–V measurements, this Cu/ZnO nanowire/Cu structure exhibits a resistive tuning behaviour, which varies greatly with the frequency of the applied sinusoidal source.
    Download Collect
  • Does loan renegotiation differ by securitization status? A transition probability study

    Yan Zhang  

    This paper examines whether securitization has an ex-post effect on residential loan renegotiation. It makes two main contributions to the existing literature. First, this paper evaluates the re-default and self-cure rates of loans using bank-reported loan renegotiation data. Second, it conducts a transition probability study to better understand the re-default and self-cure dynamics by time and previous loan state. I find that previously delinquent portfolio loans are less likely to re-default and more likely to self-cure than comparable securitized loans during the intermediate time frame, but the difference diminishes afterwards. For previously cured loans, portfolio loans and securitized loans have generally similar re-default and self-cure rates over time. This paper emphasizes that it is important to understand the dynamic transition behavior of mortgage loans.
    Download Collect
  • Reduction of diazinon and dimethoate in apple juice by pulsed electric field treatment

    Yuanyuan Zhang   Yaxi Hou   Yan Zhang   Jie Chen   Fang Chen   Xiaojun Liao and Xiaosong Hu  

    BACKGROUND: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are widely used in agricultural production in China, and residues of OPPs in agro-products and foods have become a public health concern. Chronic exposure to OPPs can result in potential immunosuppressive effects, cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional techniques of food production. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of PEFs on the degradation of diazinon and dimethoate added to apple juice.
    Download Collect
  • A Formal Language for Specifying Complex XML Authorisations with Temporal Constraints

    Sean Policarpio   Yan Zhang  

    The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is utilised in many Internet applications we are using today. However, as with many computing technologies, vulnerabilities exist in XML that can allow for malicious and unauthorised use. Applications that utilise XML are therefore susceptible to security faults if they do not provide their own methods. Our research focuses on developing a formal language which can provide access control to information stored in XML formatted documents. This formal language will have the capacity to reason if access to an XML document should be allowed. Our language, Axml(T)\mathcal{A}^{xml(T)}, allows for the specification of authorisations on XML documents based on the popular Role-based Access Control model. Temporal interval reasoning is the study of logically representing time intervals and relationships between them. As part of our research, we have also included this aspect in our language Axml(T)\mathcal{A}^{xml(T)} because we believe it will allow us to specify even more powerful access control authorisations.
    Download Collect
  • Alternative Water Resources for Rural Residential Development in Western Australia

    Yan Zhang   Andrew Grant   Ashok Sharma   Donghui Chen   Liang Chen  

    Download Collect
  • Reversing One's Fortune by Pushing Away Bad Luck

    Yan Zhang   Jane L. Risen   Christine Hosey  

    Across cultures, people try to "undo" bad luck with superstitious rituals such as knocking on wood, spitting, or throwing salt. We suggest that these rituals reduce the perceived likelihood of anticipated negative outcomes because they involve avoidant actions that exert force away from one's representation of self, which simulates the experience of pushing away bad luck. Five experiments test this hypothesis by having participants tempt fate and then engage in avoidant actions that are either superstitious (Experiment 1, knocking on wood) or nonsuperstitious (Experiments 2–5, throwing a ball). We find that participants who knock down (away from themselves) or throw a ball think that a jinxed negative outcome is less likely than participants who knock up (toward themselves) or hold a ball. Experiments 3 and 4 provide evidence that after tempting fate, engaging in an avoidant action leads to less clear mental representations for the jinxed event, which, in turn, leads to lower perceived likelihoods. Finally, we demonstrate that engaging in an avoidant action—rather than creating physical distance—is critical for reversing the perceived effect of the jinx. Although superstitions are often culturally defined, the underlying psychological processes that give rise to them may be shared across cultures.
    Download Collect
  • Quality characteristic of spray-drying egg white powders

    Shuang Ma   Songning Zhao   Yan Zhang   Yiding Yu   Jingbo Liu…  

    Spray drying is a useful method for developing egg process and utilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects on spray drying condition of egg white. The optimized conditions were spraying flow 22 mL/min, feeding temperature 39.8 A degrees C and inlet-air temperature 178.2 A degrees C. Results of sulfydryl (SH) groups measurement indicated conformation structure have changed resulting in protein molecule occur S-S crosslinking phenomenon when heating. It led to free SH content decreased during spray drying process. There was almost no change of differential scanning calorimetry between fresh egg white and spray-drying egg white powder (EWP). For a given protein, the apparent SH reactivity is in turn influenced by the physico-chemical characteristics of the reactant. The phenomenon illustrated the thermal denaturation of these proteins was unrelated to their free SH contents. Color measurement was used to study browning level. EWP in optimized conditions revealed insignificant brown stain. Swelling capacity and scanning electron micrograph both proved well quality characteristic of spray-drying EWP. Results suggested spray drying under the optimized conditions present suitable and alternative method for egg processing industrial implementation. Egg food industrialization needs new drying method to extend shelf-life. The purpose of the study was to provide optimal process of healthy and nutritional instant spray-drying EWP and study quality characteristic of spray-drying EWP.
    Download Collect
  • Diffractive optical element, design method thereof and application thereof to solar cell

    Disclosed are a diffractive optical element, a design method thereof and the application thereof in a solar cell. The design method for a design modulation thickness of a sampling point of the diffractive optical element comprises: calculating the modulation thickness of the current sampling point for each wavelength component; obtaining a series of alternative modulation thicknesses which are mutually equivalent for each modulation thickness, wherein a difference between the corresponding modulation phases is an integral multiple of 2π; and selecting one modulation thickness from the alternative modulation thicknesses of each wavelength to determine the design modulation thickness of the current sampling point. In an embodiment, the design method introduces a thickness optimization algorithm into a Yang-Gu algorithm. The design method breaks through limitations to the modulation thicknesses/modulation phases in the prior art and increases the diffraction efficiency, and the obtained diffractive optical element facilitates mass production by a modern photolithographic technique, which greatly reduces the cost. The diffractive optical element may also be applied to the solar cell, which provides an efficient and low-cost way for solar energy utilization.
    Download Collect
  • An approximation and its applications in wireless networks performance analysis

    Yan Zhang   Masayuki Fujise  

    Abstract In the literature, there are two common assumptions for the tele-traffic parameter in analyzing the wireless network performance, that is, the tele-parameter follows a specific probability density function (pdf) and additionally the pdf exists closed-form Laplace Transform (LT). However, taking into account the cell irregular shape, the specific pdf may be unavailable while only the measured statistical moments are available. Moreover, the pdf function may not exist a closed-form LT, for example, lognormal distribution function. In this paper, based on the Central Limit Theorem and hyper-Erlang universal approximation property, we propose an approximation method applicable in the situations when only the statistical moments are available or LT of pdf does not exist. We then employ the technique in diverse applications, including the performance analysis of wireless network and the cost evaluation of mobility management. Extensive numerical examples demonstrate the good approximation capability to the exact formula and the simulation results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Download Collect
  • Friend recommendation system for a computer-implemented game

    Social network information of a player of a computer-implemented game is accessed to analyze a social interaction of the player with other players from the social network information to recommend other players of the social network of the player to further communicate with. A recommendation of other players is generated to the player based on a frequency of the social interaction. A selection of players from the recommendation is received from the player. A communication message is generated to the selected players.
    Download Collect
  • Printable automatic paper belt-rolling reader (PB reader)

    The PB Reader solves the problem that the e-reader presents: the e-reader has a non-paper screen and printed documents need assembly, binding, and page turning via hands. This is an electronic, mechanical device that can quickly search, review and print documents and that has text-to-speech and remote control functionality. The unit is rectangular in shape similar as a traditional book, including a viewing window for reading and printing. The unit is fed by two paper-belt rollers, across which images and printed text are displayed. The two paper-belt rolls, which are held by two square axles that are driven by the stepping motor through multiple reduction gears. A pattern of round dots is printed on the bottom side of the paper belt, which can be decoded by a photoelectric sensor to take action of reeling pages. The signals control the stepper motor, allowing the reader to reel the page forward or backward, or jump directly to a specific position. The second component of this invention is the designated printer. Its body shape is rectangular. The said printer can print any text files and photos from a computer directly onto the blank paper belt in the PB Reader by means of sensing the code on the paper belt. This way, electronic files are transformed into physical paper files that are readable by the invention to ensure quick search, review and as well as safe storage. The invention also has a wireless remote control function, which will allow people who are disabled (or users who for whatever reasons do not have free use of their hands) to make use of the reader.
    Download Collect
  • Method of making eyeglass frame by injection molding

    Disclosed herein are methods of making an eyeglass frame comprising a frame front and/or a pair of temples, wherein each of the frame front and temples independently comprises a top layer and a patterned layer having the shape of a frame front and/or a pair of temples, and wherein the patterned layer comprises a laminate and a design pattern on a surface of the laminate, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a mold having a cavity, wherein the shape of the cavity corresponds to the shape of the frame front and/or the temples; b) setting the patterned layer for the frame front and/or the temples in the mold; and c) injecting a melt of a first polymer composition into the cavity to form the top layer. In some embodiments, at least one of the frame front and temples further comprises a bottom layer.
    Download Collect
  • Evaluation of CLIGEN for storm generation on the semiarid Loess Plateau in China

    Yan Zhang   Baoyuan Liu   Zhiqiang Wang   Qingke Zhu  

    The Stochastic generation of storm patterns is often necessary for driving process-based hydrological and ecological models. CLIGEN is the only weather generator being able to generate internal storm patterns. Its goodness needs to be evaluated for its proper application. This paper aims to find the advantages and limitations of CLIGEN on semiarid areas and provide references for custom-built weather generators for the Loess Plateau. The daily rainfall time series (1957–2002) and breakpoint rainfall data (more than 20 years) on six stations on the Loess Plateau were used to estimate input parameters for CLIGEN and to compare with CLIGEN-generated 50 years of storm data. Precipitation occurrence (wet day and dry day sequence) is well-simulated without significant difference across months and sites. Errors of monthly average number of wet days range from − 0.67 to 1.08 days, standard deviations range from − 1.19 to 0.76 days, and the distributions of continuous number of wet and dry days on the semiarid Loess Plateau are adequately simulated. Daily rainfall amount is not simulated as well as precipitation occurrence. The relative errors of average daily rainfall range from − 12.93%to 8.64%and those of standard deviations range from − 21.35%to 27.46%. During the rain seasons (May–September), among 30 month–location combinations, all the Mann–Whitney tests for the means passed, 47%for squared ranks tests rejected the null hypothesis of equality of standard deviations, and 73%for K–S test suggested that the generated and measured distributions of daily rainfall were different at 0.01 level of significance Three variables to describe internal storm patterns in CLIGEN are storm duration, relative peak intensity, and time to peak. Storm duration was not well-reproduced because none of squared ranks tests and K–S test passed at the significance level of 0.01. The frequency of short duration storms (< 300 min) was over-predicted while frequency of long duration storms (400–1200 min) was significantly under-predicted. The distribution of maximum 5 min rainfall intensity (ip5) was well-simulated for four sites out of the six because all tests passed. However, generated maximum ip5 for all six sites are around 190 mm/h, which are much larger than the measured (70 to 150 mm/h). Ip30 is simulated better than ip5, suggesting that CLIGEN can reliably generate rainfall erosivity. Time to peak was well-simulated because all the tests passed with P values significantly greater than the significance level of P = 0.01. Improvement for CLIGEN has to be made in terms of the daily rainfall simulation in rainfall-concentrated seasons and storm pattern generation in order to generate reliable rainfall time series on the Loess plateau.
    Download Collect
  • Evaluation of CLIGEN for storm generation on the semiarid Loess Plateau in China

    Yan Zhang   Baoyuan Liu   Zhiqiang Wang    Qingke Zhu  

    The Stochastic generation of storm patterns is often necessary for driving process-based hydrological and ecological models. CLIGEN is the only weather generator being able to generate internal storm patterns. Its goodness needs to be evaluated for its proper application. This paper aims to find the advantages and limitations of CLIGEN on semiarid areas and provide references for custom-built weather generators for the Loess Plateau. The daily rainfall time series (1957–2002) and breakpoint rainfall data (more than 20 years) on six stations on the Loess Plateau were used to estimate input parameters for CLIGEN and to compare with CLIGEN-generated 50 years of storm data. Precipitation occurrence (wet day and dry day sequence) is well-simulated without significant difference across months and sites. Errors of monthly average number of wet days range from − 0.67 to 1.08 days, standard deviations range from − 1.19 to 0.76 days, and the distributions of continuous number of wet and dry days on the semiarid Loess Plateau are adequately simulated. Daily rainfall amount is not simulated as well as precipitation occurrence. The relative errors of average daily rainfall range from − 12.93%to 8.64%and those of standard deviations range from − 21.35%to 27.46%. During the rain seasons (May–September), among 30 month–location combinations, all the Mann–Whitney tests for the means passed, 47%for squared ranks tests rejected the null hypothesis of equality of standard deviations, and 73%for K–S test suggested that the generated and measured distributions of daily rainfall were different at 0.01 level of significance Three variables to describe internal storm patterns in CLIGEN are storm duration, relative peak intensity, and time to peak. Storm duration was not well-reproduced because none of squared ranks tests and K–S test passed at the significance level of 0.01. The frequency of short duration storms (< 300 min) was over-predicted while frequency of long duration storms (400–1200 min) was significantly under-predicted. The distribution of maximum 5 min rainfall intensity (ip5) was well-simulated for four sites out of the six because all tests passed. However, generated maximum ip5 for all six sites are around 190 mm/h, which are much larger than the measured (70 to 150 mm/h). Ip30 is simulated better than ip5, suggesting that CLIGEN can reliably generate rainfall erosivity. Time to peak was well-simulated because all the tests passed with P values significantly greater than the significance level of P = 0.01. Improvement for CLIGEN has to be made in terms of the daily rainfall simulation in rainfall-concentrated seasons and storm pattern generation in order to generate reliable rainfall time series on the Loess plateau.
    Download Collect
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Contact

If you have any feedback, Please follow the official account to submit feedback.

Turn on your phone and scan

Submit Feedback