The present disclosure provides compounds that may be useful for inhibiting Wnt pathway comprising compounds of the formula: (Ia) or (Ib) wherein the variables are as defined herein. In some aspects, the compounds may be used to inhibit the Wnt pathway and used to treat cancer, myocardial infarction, osteopetrosis, or used in the maturation of a precursor cell to a mature cell. Also provided herein in are pharmaceutical compositions of the compounds described herein.
A measuring device for measuring the mass of a weight, comprising a main frame(100), a main (beam 200) supported on the main frame (100) and comprising a central knife (201) and two side knives (202, 202') parallel with the central knife( 201); a balancing system (300) loaded on one end of the main beam (200) and comprising a set of counterweights (301); a weighting system (400) loaded on the other end of the main beam (200); a weight transportation system (500) capable of transporting and loading a standard weight (503) or a test weight (504) into the weighting system (400) and capable of unloading and transporting them away from the weighting system (400); and a control system (600). The central knife (201) and the two side knives (202, 202') are made from metal with a high temperature-cryogenic cycling process. The central knife (201) and the two side knives (202, 202') are configured to be adjusted in parallelism with a three-coordinates measuring machine. The control system (600) is adapted to control the balancing system (300) and the weighting system (400) to synchronously load or unload the balancing system (300) and the weighting system (400).
A modularized nozzle (1) for spatially-separated atomic layer deposition, for use in performing precursor deposition on a reaction substrate, comprising: a precursor channel assembly (11) and a sealing assembly (12). The precursor channel assembly (11) comprises a plate-like substrate, a precursor channel (112), and a gas pipeline (111). The precursor channel (112) is disposed on the front side of the plate-like substrate and extends from top to bottom. The top of the precursor channel (112) is communicated with the gas pipeline (111). The sealing assembly (12) is provided on the front side of the plate-like substrate, and is used for sealing the precursor channel (112) to avoid leakage of a precursor. Also disclosed is an apparatus for spatially-separated atomic layer deposition.
The emerging metasurfaces with the exceptional capability of manipulating an arbitrary wavefront have revived the holography with unprecedented prospects. However, most of the reported metaholograms suffer from limited polarization controls for a restrained bandwidth in addition to their complicated meta-atom designs with spatially variant dimensions. Here, we demonstrate a new concept of vectorial holography based on diatomic metasurfaces consisting of metamolecules formed by two orthogonal meta-atoms. On the basis of a simply linear relationship between phase and polarization modulations with displacements and orientations of identical meta-atoms, active diffraction of multiple polarization states and reconstruction of holographic images are simultaneously achieved, which is robust against both incident angles and wavelengths. Leveraging this appealing feature, broadband vectorial holographic images with spatially varying polarization states and dual-way polarization switching functionalities have been demonstrated, suggesting a new route to achromatic diffractive elements, polarization optics, and ultrasecure anticounterfeiting.
Xie, Jun
Li, Meng
Dai, Qingwen
Huang, Wei
Wang, Xiaolei
Inspired by the polygonal arrays on the toe pads of tree frogs and newts, micro hexagonal pillars were fabricated on a cast polyurethane elastomer (CPUE) surface so that a network of interconnected channels was formed. To investigate the effect of channel sizes, adhesion experiments were carried out with a flat polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) probe and the patterned surface of CPUE samples under wet conditions. It was found that single factors alone, such as channel width (W), length (L), and height (H) have a slight effect on wet adhesion force. Comparatively, the values of width-to-length (W/L), height-to-length (H/L), and height-to-width (H/W) determine the wet adhesion force significantly. Actually, the wet adhesion force is reduced with increasing W/L values. Furthermore, optimal ranges of H/L and H/W values clearly enhance the wet adhesion force, even considering the reduction with the increasing W/L values.
The transport sector is attracting increasingly attention in the context of climate change and sustainable development, for its rapidly growing demand for energy and heavy reliance on oil products. Especially in China, where the demands for transportation are tremendous and ever-increasing, it is worthy to explore the provincial variations in energy efficiency in the transport sector, in order to enhance energy efficiency and to promote energy savings in this sector. By using stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) approach, this paper calculates the provincial energy efficiency as well as energy saving potential in China's provincial transport sector over 2007-2016. Results suggest that China's national average energy input efficiency in the transport industry is 0.673 during the sample period, which implied that relatively large degree of non-efficiency exists in this sector. Besides, the increase of government support (GS), the improvement of road condition (RC) and public transport (PT) are influencing factors for the improvement of China's provincial energy efficiency in the transport industry. Additionally, energy saving potential in the transport sector is also estimated in this paper. It is shown that, although energy efficiency in the eastern China is the highest (much higher than the country-wide level), the estimated absolute amount of the energy saving potential in the eastern area is significantly larger than those in the central area and western area due to the fact that the eastern area contributes to the largest share of the total energy consumption in this sector.
In this paper, a kind of ionic liquid-based ferrofluid, which may be suitable as a prospective lubricant was synthesised. The nanosized magnetic particles dispersing in the ionic liquid were coated with a layer of designed surfactant containing ionic liquid unit with carboxylic acid group. Three ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C2MIMBF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C4MIMBF4), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C6MIMBF4), with the same anionic structure and cationic backbone were used as carrier liquid. The effect of cation alkyl chain length on the colloidal stability was checked qualitatively by direct observation and magnetic sedimentation. The lubrication performances of the stable ferrofluid were evaluated. Experiment result shows that stable ferrofluid can only be achieved for the ionic liquid C6MIMBF4 with the longest alkyl chain. Lubrication tests first evidence the benefits of ionic liquid-based ferrofluid as a new kind of magnetic lubricant, whose lubrication behaviour can be actively controlled by the application of magnetic field.