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Now showing items 1 - 16 of 2305

  • Revisiting David Summers

    C. Oliver O’Donnell  

    David Summers’ Real Spaces: World Art History and the Rise of Western Modernism remains one the most ambitious and compelling attempts to develop a new analytic framework for art-historical analysis across geographic and temporal boundaries. Despite this accomplishment, since its publication nearly 15 years ago the book has continued to face the criticism of being a problematically Western project. But what are the philosophical ideas on which Real Spaces is based? And how is it that these general ideas are troublingly Western, rather than being more generally human or cross-cultural? A prominent reading by James Elkins of Real Spaces has positioned its claims in relation to the philosophical project of Martin Heidegger, as Summers’ terminology does have Heideggerean overtones. Building on Elkins’ reading, in this essay I argue that Summers’ book is more accurately understood as a form of neo-Pragmatism. To substantiate this claim, I emphasize some known parallels between Heidegger’s project and that of Pragmatism in general as well as a variety of similarities between Real Spaces and the vocabularies of Richard Rorty and Charles Sanders Peirce that Summers himself has noted. While such an argument may merely seem to replace one Western philosophical understanding of Real Spaces for another, doing so also allows the book to be understood in relation to some of neo-Pragmatism’s most compelling moral or ethical claims and thereby to more adequately answer the criticism that Summers’ alternative art history is just another precariously Western project.
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  • Heat-related mortality during hot summers in Polish cities

    Graczyk Dariusz   Kundzewicz Zbigniew W.   Choryński Adam   F?rland Eirik J.   Pińskwar Iwona   Szwed Ma?gorzata  

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  • Warm summers during the Younger Dryas cold reversal

    Schenk, Frederik   V?liranta, Minna   Muschitiello, Francesco   Tarasov, Lev   Heikkil?, Maija   Bj?rck, Svante   Brandefelt, Jenny   Johansson, Arne V.   N?slund, Jens-Ove   Wohlfarth, Barbara  

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  • Hottest summers the new normal

    Camargo, Suzana J   Seth, Anji  

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  • The synergy between drought and extremely hot summers in the Mediterranean

    Russo, Ana   Gouveia, Célia   Dutra, Emanuel   Soares, Pedro MM   Trigo, Ricardo Machado  

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  • Summers: Some Are Reading, Some Are Not! It Matters

    McGill-Franzen, Anne   Ward, Natalia   Cahill, Maria  

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  • Extreme hot summers in China in the CMIP5 climate models

    Leng, Guoyong   Tang, Qiuhong   Huang, Shengzhi   Zhang, Xuejun  

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  • Exceptionally Hot and Cold Summers in Europe (1951-2010)

    Twardosz, Robert   Kossowska-Cezak, Urszula  

    The paper explores exceptional thermal conditions, an area of research that has increased in significance in the context of the changes that are being observed in climate. Specifically, the study addressed the frequency, long-term change and spatial coverage of exceptionally hot summers, and exceptionally cool summers (EHS and ECS) in Europe. The statistical criterion of plus/minus two standard deviations from the long-term average was used to identify EHS and ECS at 60 weather stations over the period 1951-2010. The study has demonstrated that EHS are characterised by greater temperature anomalies than ECS and are approximately twice as frequent. They occurred virtually everywhere within the study area, whilst ECS are concentrated in its northern part. Five EHS (1972, 2002, 2003, 2007, and 2010) and three ECS (1956, 1962, and 1976) were large enough to be recorded by at least 10% of the stations.
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  • Evidence for ice-free summers in the late Miocene central Arctic Ocean

    Stein, Ruediger   Fahl, Kirsten   Schreck, Michael   Knorr, Gregor   Niessen, Frank   Forwick, Matthias   Gebhardt, Catalina   Jensen, Laura   Kaminski, Michael   Kopf, Achim   Matthiessen, Jens   Jokat, Wilfried   Lohmann, Gerrit  

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  • Secular Stagnation or Stagnation Policy? Steindl after Summers

    Eckhard Hein  

    The current debate on secular stagnation is suffering from some vagueness and several shortcomings. The same is true for the economic policy implications. Therefore, we provide an alternative view on stagnation tendencies based on Josef Steindl's contributions. In particular, Steindl (1952) can be viewed as a pioneering work in the area of stagnation in modern capitalism. We hold that this work is not prone to the problems detected in the current debate on secular stagnation: It does not rely on the dubious notion of an equilibrium real interest rate as the equilibrating force of saving and investment at full employment levels, in principle, with the adjustment process currently blocked by the unfeasibility of a very low or even negative equilibrium rate. It is based on the notion that modern capitalist economies are facing aggregate demand constraints, and that saving adjusts to investment through income growth and changes in capacity utilization in the long run. It allows for potential growth to become endogenous to actual demand-driven growth. And it seriously considers the role of institutions and power relationships for long-run growth—-and for stagnation.
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  • Nine summers in Uganda: A global midwifery program

    Ellis   C.E.  

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  • Extremely cool summers in Central and Eastern Europe (1951–2010)

    Twardosz, Robert   Kossowska-Cezak, Urszula  

    The paper reports on a study of extremely cool summers (ECS), a rare but significant phenomenon responsible for various adverse economic effects. These include, in particular, effects on agriculture and the tourist industry. The seasons, their spatial extent and individual characteristics were identified in Central and Eastern Europe. The research was based on average seasonal air temperatures (June to August) and the numbers of days with maximum temperatures[25, 30 and 35 degrees C and minimum temperatures[20 degrees C, as recorded at 59 weather stations during the period 1951-2010. An ECS was defined as having an average temperature at least 2 standard deviations (t <= t(av). - 2 sigma) lower than the average at a given station during the study period. ECS occurred at only 34 of the 59 stations (58 % of all stations), one or two per station, mainly in the northern part of the study area. Six such seasons were recorded by at least 5 % of all stations in 1962, 1969, 1976, 1978, 1984 and 1994. The average temperature of an ECS was typically 2-3 degrees C lower than the long-term average. While some ECSs included an extremely cool month, most such seasons (58 %) were defined by low temperatures persisting for long periods in all summer months.
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  • Low power quantizer with passive summers and interpolated dynamic comparators

    A quantizer including passive summers, dynamic comparators and a clock generator. Each passive summer samples the input voltages and a reference voltage scaled by one of multiple graduated gains, and subtracts the scaled reference voltage from the sum of the input voltages. The graduated gains divide a predetermined voltage range into multiple voltage subranges, each between sequential pairs of the passive summers. The dynamic comparators compare each sequential pair of passive summer output voltages according to multiple splitting ratios and provide corresponding quantization bits. The dynamic comparators are activated in groups to reduce comparator kickback. Each dynamic comparator recharges the passive summer output voltages coupled to its inputs back to their initial voltage values to reduce kickback residual. The passive summers eliminate the need for a resistor string to generate the reference voltages. Staggered activation and comparator recharging replace preamplifiers used to suppress kickback and kickback residuals.
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  • In Memoriam: Robert Summers

    Heston   Alan  

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  • Keith MacDonald Summers (Release No. 74461)

    Brent J. Fields  

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  • Warm Mediterranean mid-Holocene summers inferred from fossil midge assemblages

    Samartin, Stéphanie   Heiri, Oliver   Joos, Fortunat   Renssen, Hans   Franke, J?rg   Br?nnimann, Stefan   Tinner, Willy  

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