A pneumatic cylinder (100) comprises a piston, axially mobile inside a casing. The pneumatic cylinder comprises at least one damper sleeve (10) suitable to reduce the intensity of the impact that occurs when the piston (20) arrives in abutment against the head (104, 105) of the casing. The damper sleeve (10) is provided with a front portion (14) provided with a plurality of through holes (60), extending in a radial direction, and a tapered wall (143) with a wall thickness which decreases toward a front end (144) of the damper sleeve (10). When the piston (20) approaches the end-stroke position, the pressurised air escapes towards the duct (108) through the holes (60) and a vent space (80) defined between the stem (21) of the piston (20) and an inner wall (141) of the front portion (14) of the sleeve (10).
Morozov, Vladimir
Tokmachev, Gennady
Lutsuk, Rostislav
Kopylov, Sergey
The Balakovo Nuclear Power Plant operating in Russia has four operating units of a VVER-1000 type. The first unit was connected to the grid on Dec. 28, 1985, and put in commercial operation on May 23, 1986. According to modern requirements of the Russian Nuclear Regulatory Authority, the full-scope probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) must be performed to extend the license for operation beyond an initial 30-year lifetime of the unit. The paper presents the results of the Level 1 PSA covering internal initiating events for power and shutdown operational plant states, internal hazards (fires and floods), and external hazards, including natural and man-made events, in particular, seismic impact, and aircraft crash.
Badasyan, Artem
Giacometti, Achille
Podgornik, Rudolf
Mamasakhlisov, Yevgeni
Morozov, Vladimir
In the spin model of a helix-coil transition in polypeptides a preferred value of spin has to be assigned to the helical conformation, in order to account for different symmetries of the helical vs. the coil states, leading thus to the Generalized Model of Polypeptide Chain (GMPC) Hamiltonian as opposed to the Potts model Hamiltonian, both with many-body interactions. Comparison of explicit transfer matrix secular equations of the Potts model and the GMPC model reveals that the largest eigenvalue of the Potts model with Delta many-body interactions coincides with the largest eigenvalue of the GMPC model with Delta-1 many-body interactions, indicating the identity of both free energies. In distinction, the second largest eigenvalues in both models do not coincide, indicating a different behavior for the spatial correlation length that in its turn defines the width of the helix-coil transition interval. We explore in detail the thermodynamic consequences, resulting from spin models with and without the built-in spin anisotropy, that should indicate which model to favour as a more appropriate description of the equilibrium physical properties pertaining to the helix-coil transition.
This paper is devoted to the regularization in the process of approximation of values of unbounded operators in Banach spaces. More precisely, we consider the approximations of unbounded generators of C(0)-semigroups and integrated semigroups. We consider M. M. Lavrentiev's method. Some iterative procedures are also investigated. It is shown that in general Banach spaces the approximation of the values of unbounded operators converges in strong sense. The presentation is given in the abstract framework of the discrete approximation scheme, which includes finite element methods, finite difference schemes and projection methods.
This paper is devoted to regularization in the process of derivative's approximation of integrated semigroups in time variables. We consider the direct method and also the method based on A. N. Tikchonov's approach. It is shown that discrete derivative converges in strong sense and the order of convergence in general Banach space is obtained. The presentation is given in the abstract framework of discrete approximation scheme, which includes finite element methods, finite difference schemes and projection methods.
Morozov, Vladimir
Eskin, Aleksey
Salakhov, Almir
Korolev, Eduard
It was developed methods for study of change clay rocks mineral phase composition at kiln process. The object of study was clay feed which is used to produce of ceramic materials. The main method of investigation was X-ray diffraction analysis. An additional method was synchronous thermal analysis (STA). At work was used X-ray diffractometer Shimadzu XRD-7000S (Japan) with a high-temperature furnace. Such equipment allows carrying out research of samples composition from 25 degrees C to 1200 degrees C. Experimentally established optimal temperatures of research: 20, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200 degrees C. Data at these temperatures were processed in the DIFFRAC. EVA software. The result was quantitative information and graphs of the change in clay phase mineral composition during (burning?) firing process. At the same time was a studied quantitative change of the amorphous phase at different temperatures. The STA was used as an additional method of investigation. Sample analysis was carried on Netzsch STA 449 F3 Jupiter device (Germany), which allowing measurements of mass changes and thermal effects at temperatures up to 1200 degrees C. We fixed changes using thermogravimetric measurements (TG) and curves of differential thermal analysis (DTA). The integration of methods allowed to obtain obtaining important information about the qualitative and quantitative changes of clays samples composition during firing process. Also results of our study showed reactions of minerals transformation due exothermic and endothermic processes. The overall result is a diagram of phase and quantitative transformations of minerals at temperatures from 20 to 1200 degrees C including amorphous phase.
Miyauchi, Kosuke
Kim, Yuri
Latinovic, Olga
Morozov, Vladimir
Melikyan, Gregory B.
Enveloped viruses that rely on a low pH-dependent step for entry initiate infection by fusing with acidic endosomes, whereas the entry sites for pH-independent viruses, such as HIV-1, have not been defined. These viruses have long been assumed to fuse directly with the plasma membrane. Here we used population-based measurements of the viral content delivery into the cytosol and time-resolved imaging of single viruses to demonstrate that complete IV-1 fusion occurred in endosomes. In contrast, viral fusion with the plasma membrane did not progress beyond the lipid mixing step. HIV-1 underwent receptor-mediated internalization long before endosomal fusion, thus minimizing the surface exposure of conserved viral epitopes during fusion and reducing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these epitopes. We also show that, strikingly, endosomal fusion is sensitive to a dynamin inhibitor, dynasore. These findings imply that HIV-1 infects cells via endocytosis and envelope glycoprotein- and dynamin-dependent fusion with intracellular compartments.
Arakcheeva, Alla
Pattison, Philip
Chapuis, Gervais
Rossell, Marta
Filaretov, Andrey
Morozov, Vladimir
Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf
The incommensurately modulated scheelite-like KSm( MoO4)(2) structure has been refined in the monoclinic superspace group I2/b(alpha beta 0)00 by the Rietveld method on the basis of synchrotron radiation powder diffraction data. The systematic broadening of satellite reflections has been accounted for by applying anisotropic microstrain line-broadening. The microstructure has been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The partial disorder of the K and Sm cations in the A position is best approximated by a combination of harmonic and complex crenel functions with (0.952Sm + 0.048K) and (0.952K + 0.048Sm) atomic domains. This combination yields a compositional wave distribution from {KMoO4} to {SmMoO4} observed in the ab structure projection along q. The specific features of KSm(MoO4)(2) and degree of the A-cation ordering are discussed in comparison with the previously reported structure of KNd(MoO4)(2).
The present invention relates to a method of forming a refractory article including the step of forming a refractory material powder into an intermediate body having a shape and size corresponding to the desired shape and size of the article, chosing a carbide-forming metal or alloy as material for the intermediate body, exposing the intermediate body formed to a gaseous hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons at a temperature exceeding the decomposition temperature for the hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons until the mass of the intermediate body has increased by at least 3 %, and thereafter exposing the intermediate body to a temperature of 1000-1700 �C in an inert atmosphere if the temperature during the foregoing method step was too low to ensure a complete carbidization of the intermediate body. The invention also relates to an article produced by said method.
We survey the works of V. V. Morozov on Lie algebras concentrating on the following three results on subalgebras of a semisimple complex Lie algebra: the theorem on a nilpotent element, the triangulizability theorem for solvable subalgebras, and the regularity theorem for nonsemisimple maximal subalgebras.
We survey the works of V. V. Morozov on Lie algebras concentrating on the following three results on subalgebras of a semisimple complex Lie algebra: the theorem on a nilpotent element, the triangulizability theorem for solvable subalgebras, and the regularity theorem for nonsemisimple maximal subalgebras.
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