OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to identify the clinical features and imaging findings of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the study period, ACS was diagnosed in 50 children, 14 of whom underwent CT or MRI. We reviewed the medical records of the 50 children to obtain clinical information, such as underlying risk factors, therapeutic approach, and clinical outcome, and we evaluated the CT and MRI examinations of the 14 children. We compared the imaging features of the 14 children with ACS with those of 14 age-matched control subjects who had abdominal distention without ACS. RESULTS. The most common risk factor of pediatric ACS was increased abdominal contents, particularly bowel dilatation. Among the 50 children, 38 underwent decompressive intervention. The mortality rate was 45% in the group who underwent decompression versus 58% in the group who did not undergo decompression intervention. From a review of the CT and MR images of the 14 patients with these examinations, we found that the most common findings were ascites (86%), basal lung atelectasis (69%), inferior vena cava (IVC) compression (50%), and abnormal enhancement of bowel wall (64%). Compared with the control subjects, the study group with ACS had the following suggestive imaging features: IVC compression (p =3D 0.001), basal lung atelectasis (p =3D 0.006), heterogeneous perfusion of the kidneys (p =3D 0.026), ascites (p =3D 0.043), and subcutaneous edema (p =3D 0.053). However, the ratio of maximal anteroposterior-to-transverse abdominal diameter (AT ratio) was not significant (p =3D 0.565). CONCLUSION. A well-known CT finding for ACS, an increased AT ratio, proved not specific for ACS in pediatric patients; rather, IVC compression, basal lung atelectasis, compromised renal perfusion, and ascites should raise suspicion for ACS in children.
Hong, Joohyun
Kim, Youjin
Cho, Jangho
Lim, Sung Won
Park, Song Ee
Kim, Hee Kyung
Lee, Hansang
Cho, Soo Youn
Kim, Ji-Yeon
Ahn, Jin Seok
Im, Young-Hyuck
Park, Yeon Hee
Breast cancer rarely metastasizes to the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach. Due to the rarity of this metastasis, it is occasionally confused with a primary stomach malignancy. However, discriminating characteristic features with clinical implications may exist. The aim of the current study was to analyze the clinical features and prognosis of breast cancer with gastric metastasis. Between January 1994 and October 2016, 13 patients at Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) were clinically or pathologically determined to have breast cancer with gastric metastasis. The present study retrospectively collected clinicopathological data from the electronic medical records of these 13 female patients. At breast cancer diagnosis, the median patient age was 45 years. A total of 7 patients (53.8%) presented with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and 6 (46.2%) with invasive ductal carcinoma. Of the 13 patients, 11 were stage I-III at initial breast cancer diagnosis and underwent surgery. Positivity of breast cancer tissue samples for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) was 92.3, 76.9 and 0%, respectively. Positivity of gastric metastasis lesions, based on immunohistochemistry results, was 81.8, 50 and 0% for ER, PR and HER2, respectively. The stomach was the location of the first metastatic lesion in 6 out of the 11 patients (54.5%) with de novo stage I-III cancer. The median time interval from initial breast cancer diagnosis to stomach metastasis was 77.5 months. The 3-year survival rate was 79.1%, and the estimated mean survival time was 35.1 months. Breast cancer with gastric metastasis is rare, and due to this fact, a thorough pathological review and greater clinical suspicion are required in these cases.
The present invention provides a semi-insitu SCR catalyst regeneration method which can regenerate a catalyst in a simple, efficient, low-cost and eco-friendly manner in a short period of time without corroding an SCR system by resolving the problems of an ex-situ SCR catalyst regeneration method and an in-situ catalyst regeneration method.
Eun, Jung Nam
Choi, Yoo Duk
Lee, Jeong Ho
Jeong, Yun Ah
Yoon, Jee Hee
Kim, Hee Kyung
Kang, Ho-Cheol
Hypocalcemia is relatively uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome. Only one case of hypocalcemia has been reported in a patient with chondrosarcoma. We herein report a case of a 32-year-old woman with metastatic chondrosarcoma with tetany. Her imaging findings revealed multiple calcific metastatic lesions in the lungs, pancreas, left atrium, and pulmonary vein. A laboratory examination showed hypocalcemia with no evidence of any other disease that could induce hypocalcemia. On the basis of the laboratory and clinical findings, we concluded the etiology of her severe hypocalcemia to be excessive calcium consumption by the tumor itself.
Kim, Ji Eun
Kim, Uh Jin
Kim, Hee Kyung
Cho, Soo Kyung
An, Joon Hwan
Kang, Seung-Ji
Park, Kyung-Hwa
Jung, Sook-In
Jang, Hee-Chang
Background: Viruses are increasingly recognized as major causes of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Few studies have investigated the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia, and the results have been inconsistent. In this study, the clinical predictors of viral pneumonia were investigated in terms of their utility as indicators for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. Methods: Adult patients (>=3D 18 years old) with CAP, tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for respiratory virus, at two teaching hospitals between October 2010 and May 2013, were identified retrospectively. Demographic and clinical data were collected by reviewing the hospital electronic medical records. Results: During the study period, 456 patients with CAP were identified who met the definition, and 327 (72%) patients were tested using the respiratory virus PCR detection test. Viral pneumonia (n=3D60) was associated with rhinorrhea, a higher lymphocyte fraction in the white blood cells, lower serum creatinine and ground-glass opacity (GGO) in radiology results, compared to non-viral pneumonia (n=3D250) (p < 0.05, each). In a multivariate analysis, rhinorrhea (Odd ratio (OR) 3.52; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.58-7.87) and GGO (OR 4.68; 95% CI, 2.48-8.89) were revealed as independent risk factors for viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. The sensitivity, specificity, positive-and negative-predictive values (PPV and NPV) of rhinorrhea were 22, 91, 36 and 83%: the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of GGO were and 43, 84, 40 and 86%, respectively. Conclusion: Symptom of rhinorrhea and GGO predicted viral pneumonia in patients with CAP. The high specificity of rhinorrhea and GGO suggested that these could be useful indicators for empirical antiviral therapy.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics with screen time among school-age children in Korea. This study employed a nonexperimental, cross-sectional study design. A total of 370 children attending four elementary schools participated in the study. Self-report method was used, and instruments included screen time (time spent on TV/video/computer/video games), sleep duration, eating behavior, pros and cons of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy. According to the results, 45.7% of the children had screen time of 1-2.9 hr/day and 8.9% had 3 or more hr/day. Increased screen time showed an association with gender (boy), higher body mass index, fast food consumption, higher cons of exercise, having a working mother, and attendance at a school in an inner city area (p < .05). Understanding the factors associated with screen time may provide useful information in the development of health promotion programs aimed at decreasing sedentary behaviors.
Kim, Hee Kyung
Yoon, Jee Hee
Kim, Soo Jeong
Cho, Jin Seong
Kweon, Sun-Seog
Kang, Ho-Cheol
Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are associated with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). To validate this association, we compared TSH levels obtained from euthyroid patients with DTC with TSH levels from controls in the general population.
Kim, Hee Kyung
Yoon, Jee Hee
Kim, Soo Jeong
Cho, Jin Seong
Kweon, Sun-Seog
Kang, Ho-Cheol
Objectives Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are associated with differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). To validate this association, we compared TSH levels obtained from euthyroid patients with DTC with TSH levels from controls in the general population. Design and patients The case group included 1759 patients with DTC, who underwent thyroid surgery at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital. The control group (n = 1548), who had participated in the Thyroid Disease Prevalence Study were used as a healthy control group. The subjects were divided into four groups of similar size according to their TSH levels, with the first quartile used as a reference group. Results The mean TSH level of the case group was significantly higher than the mean TSH level of the control group (1.95 +/- 0.9 mIU/l vs 1.62 +/- 0.8 mIU/l, P < 0.001), and was associated with DTC risk. Multiple logistic regression, after controlling for age, gender and the presence of a family history of thyroid cancer, showed that the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the second, third and fourth quartiles of TSH levels were 1.27 (1.03-1.57), 1.55 (1.25-1.92) and 2.21 (1.78-2.74) respectively. No significant differences were observed in mean TSH levels in patients with different tumour stages and tumour sizes. Conclusion Having a high TSH level within the normal range is an independent risk factor for DTC, and may contribute to the initiation of thyroid carcinogenesis. TSH levels in patients with thyroid nodules may be used as diagnostic adjuncts for the identification of high-risk patients, who require further investigation and/or surgical intervention.
Ku, Jae Won
Choi, Sun
Kim, Hee Kyung
Lee, Seungro
Kwon, Oh Chae
An experimental and computational investigation on the fundamental combustion characteristics of methane (CH4)-ammonia (NH3) blends is conducted to confirm their potential as a clean fuel with low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and determine their reasonable burning conditions, considering counterflow nonpremixed CH4-NH3/air flames. Extinction limits and structure of the nonpremixed CH4-NH3/air flames are measured and predicted. Results show that flames gradually become orange and the flame thickness increases with NH3 addition, compared with the pure CH4/air flames. Also, flames can sustain less NH3 at high strain rates. Compared with the pure CH4/air flames, CH4-NH3/air flames exhibit remarkable reduction of CO2 emissions with moderate reduction of combustion stability limits and no remarkable temperature drop in the flame, supporting the potential of CH4 NH3 blends as a clean fuel with low CO2 emissions. However, additional investigations for reducing the enhanced NO,, emissions mainly via the fuel NOx mechanism with NH3 addition are needed. Finally, the quantitative discrepancy among the present measurements and predictions merits the development of a new reaction mechanism which is optimized for the reaction of CH4-NH3 fuel blends and air. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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