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Now showing items 17 - 32 of 302

  • Descriptive Study of 2013 China per Capita Wage in Logistics and Transportation Industry

    Jie Zhu   Ruoling Zhang   Binbin Fu  

    This paper does a descriptive study on 2013 area level per capita wage in logistics and transportation industry data in China. The per capita wage value is found to have increased over 11 years with annual increasing rate 13.9%. However, China per capita value is still less than western countries. The spatial autocorrelations are found in the area per capita wage data, and area per capita wage data is found to be high correlated with area per capita GDP data and area per capita wage in employment.
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  • Constitutive equations for coal containing gas considering gas adsorption

    Jie Zhu   Yao-dong Jiang   Yi-xin Zhao   Yu-kai Lu   Yi Zhao  

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  • Wavelength division multiplexer compatible with two types of passive optical networks

    A wavelength division multiplexer is provided by the present invention, which implements the wavelength division multiplexing and de-multiplexing of the optical signals in the basic and upgrade bands by reasonably arranging the filters and selecting the spectral properties of the filters, so that the existing time division multiplexing passive optical network (TDM-PON) can transmit the next generation passive optical network (NG-PON) simultaneously and the existing TDM-PON can be smoothly upgraded to the NG-PON, meanwhile, it provides the deployed TDM-PON with the subsequent network compatibility. The wavelength division multiplexer provided in the present invention can meet the high isolation requirement of the optical signals in working band with low cost, and takes both the isolation requirement and the optical network insertion loss requirement into account, thus it has high reliability, is easy to use and for system upgrade.
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  • Study on supramolecular structural changes of ultrasonic treated potato starch granules

    Jie Zhu   Lin Li   Ling Chen   Xiaoxi Li  

    The supramolecular structural features of ultrasonic treated potato starch granules in excess water were investigated. Various ultrasonic treatments were used; an ultrasound probe set with different power (60, 105, 155 W) at a frequency of 20 kHz for 30 min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images show that ultrasonic treatment induced notch and groove on starch granule surface. The B-type crystal structure was scarcely affected according to polarized light microscopy (PLM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. However, Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data manifest that fractal structures changed from surface fractal into mass fractal as the ultrasonic power increased, indicating that the compact starch granules swelled to a larger extent and loosed. The repeat cluster thickness was unchanged. The electron density contrast between the crystalline and the amorphous lamella decreased, while the electron density difference between the amorphous lamella and amylose background increased. Moreover, the molecular order in crystalline lamella was reduced. These results demonstrated that ultrasonic treatment affected cluster structure, especially the crystalline region, and amylose background was affected more compared to amylopectin amorphous lamella. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for OFDM Systems with Null Subcarriers

    Jie Zhu   Wookwon Lee  

    An accurate estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO) is a crucial task for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems but should be performed with affordable computational complexity for practicality. In this paper, the authors derive two new estimation algorithms (one for the integer part and the other for the fractional part of CFO), each of which utilizes only one OFDM block with null subcarriers but offers improved accuracy and reduced complexity. The proposed estimator for fractional CFOs operates iteratively and is insensitive to the initial CFO. The other proposed estimator for integer CFOs employs a pseudonoise binary random sequence to assist in subcarrier arrangement and accurate estimation of the integer CFO. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed methods, numerical results are provided from computer simulation and analysis, and comparisons are made with other existing methods in the literature
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  • Synchronizing server and device data using device data schema

    Methods and apparatus for the synchronization of first data stored to a wireless mobile device and second data stored to a remote device are provided. Schema describing the data is maintained by the device. The schema is provided by the device to assist with the synchronization. Changes to device data schema may be transparently handled by a synchronization server. In one embodiment, a method for synchronizing first data stored to a mobile device and second data stored to a remote storage device comprises receiving a schema from the mobile device describing the first data; matching respective instances of the first and second data using the schema; determining differences between the first and second data in response to the matching; and updating at least a one of the first and second data in response to the differences.
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  • Processes for making pioglitazone and compounds of the processes

    Pioglitazone can be made via a Darzens Condensation reaction in an industrially useful process.
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  • Method and system for determining energy content and detecting contaminants in a fluid stream

    Methods and systems for real time, in situ monitoring of fluids, and particularly the determination of both the energy content and contaminants in a gas or oil transmission facility, are provided. The system may include two separate scanning sources to scan two different, but overlapping, NIR ranges, or may involve two separate scans from a single scanning spectroscopy source. The first scan ranges from approximately 1550 nm up through 1800 nm and a second scan concurrently scans at a high resolution across a band from approximately 1560-1610 nm, the wavelength of interest for hydrogen sulfide (though similar scans are contemplated in alternative wavelength ranges for alternative contaminants). The second scan may provide very narrow (0.005 nm) step resolution over just the wavelength of interest for the contaminant and may scan at a substantially higher power level. The spectroscopic optical data from the two scans, however obtained, must then be combined into an analytical processing module containing models that analyze the multi-scan data and yield both energy content and contaminant quantitative data.
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  • Midwives in China: ‘jie sheng po’ to ‘zhu chan shi’

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  • Methods for evaluating strain of crystalline devices

    Methods for evaluating strain of crystalline structure are provided herein. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a method for evaluating strain of a crystalline structure includes directing an electron beam at the crystalline structure to produce an electron diffraction pattern including a reflection point area. The electron diffraction pattern is detected with a detector that includes a plurality of pixels to produce a raw data set. The raw data set is filtered by applying a mathematical median filter to produce a filtered data set, and a contrast of the filtered data set is enhanced to produce an enhanced data set. A center point of the reflection point area is determined with the enhanced data set, and the strain of the crystalline structure is determined based on analysis of the center point.
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  • Frame bit detector in near field communications

    Described herein are architectures, platforms and methods for (NFC) frame bit detection. A frame bit detector includes a sample-based bit detector that receives samples which may be data and non-data (noise), identifies data bits at every sample input time, and the likelihoods that the identified data bits are part of data. The frame detector includes a maximum likelihood frame detector configured to receive bits from the sample-based bit detector and the likelihood of each bit that the bit is data, and calculate frame likelihood.
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  • Particle analyzer based on sheath flow impedance method

    The application provides a particle analyzer based on sheath flow impedance method comprising a flow cell and a counting circuit, wherein the flow cell includes a front chamber and a back chamber, the front chamber includes a particle suspension liquid inlet and a front sheath liquid inlet, the back chamber includes a back sheath liquid inlet and a waste liquid outlet, an aperture being provided between the front and back chambers and each of the front and back chambers being connected to the counting circuit via an electrode respectively. The particle analyzer further comprise a back sheath liquid isolating chamber, the back sheath liquid stored on the bottom of the back sheath liquid isolating chamber flowing into the back chamber automatically and continuously due to the liquid level difference between the liquid in the back sheath liquid isolating chamber and the liquid in the back chamber, or due to a combination of said liquid level difference and the interior negative pressure of the back chamber. The particle analyzer may further comprise a waste liquid isolating chamber, which causes isolation of the internal fluid passageway connecting the inlet and the outlet of the waste liquid isolating chamber by the interior air. Back-flow of the liquid specimen can be prevented during a detection process, noises can be mitigated effectively, the sensitivity for detection of particles can be improved, and introduction of electromagnetic noises to the flow cell from the back sheath liquid or the waste liquid can be avoided.
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  • System and method for determining vapor pressure of produced hydrocarbon streams via spectroscopy

    An NIR analyzer with the optical probes across a pipe, or in a bypass configuration, after a stabilizer in an oil or condensate production plant. Prior to use, liquid samples from the plant are analyzed in a chemical lab to obtain reference vapor pressure or compositional values. A chemometric model using known techniques is then built with the captured absorption spectra and the reference lab results. Preprocessing methodologies can be used to help mitigate interferences of the fluid, instrument drift, and contaminate build up on the lenses in contact with the fluid. The chemometric model is implemented through the NIR analyzer as the calibration curve to predict the vapor pressure or other values of the flowing fluid in real time.
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  • Method and apparatus for measuring multi-connection performance of a server

    One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for measuring multi-connection performance of a network interface card (NIC) within a server. During operation, a client establishes a connection to a receiver within the server. Next, the client remains in a wait state until a multicast message is received from a control computer. Upon receiving this multicast message, the client starts sending data to and receiving data from the receiver within the server. Note that the control computer waits until every client that is to communicate with the server has established a connection to the server before sending the multicast message. In this way, the system ensures that all client and server computer systems begin sending and receiving data simultaneously, thereby allowing the system to more accurately measure multi-connection performance.
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  • EGR cooler condition module and associated system

    An apparatus for determining a condition of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler of an internal combustion engine includes a clean EGR cooler module that is configured to estimate the temperature of exhaust gas exiting a clean EGR cooler. The apparatus also includes a fouled EGR cooler module that is configured estimate the temperature of exhaust gas exiting a fouled EGR cooler. Further, the apparatus includes an EGR cooler effectiveness module that is configured to determine a normalized effectiveness of the EGR cooler based on the estimated temperature of exhaust gas exiting a clean EGR cooler and the estimated temperature of exhaust gas exiting a fouled EGR cooler. Additionally, the apparatus includes an EGR cooler condition module that is configured to determine a condition of the EGR cooler based on the normalized effectiveness of the EGR cooler.
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  • Method and system for quickly calculating mileage

    A method for quickly calculating mileage includes the steps: A, receiving report data from a vehicular terminal and updating data center according to the report data; B, receiving an inquiry request which includes a vehicle number, a first time point which is earlier than a second time point and the second time point which are requested to inquire; C, inquiring the data center to acquire a first total mileage value to which the time point that is proximate to the first time point corresponds and a second total mileage value to which the time point that is proximate to the second time point corresponds; D, obtaining a running mileage L from the first time point to the second time point by subtracting the first total mileage value from the second total mileage value. A system for quickly calculating mileage quickly is also proposed. The method and the system can calculate mileage quickly and accurately, reduce the processing burden of the data center, and facilitate the vehicle surveillance of the traffic department.
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