Hypocalcemia is relatively uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome. Only one case of hypocalcemia has been reported in a patient with chondrosarcoma. We herein report a case of a 32-year-old woman with metastatic chondrosarcoma with tetany. Her imaging findings revealed multiple calcific metastatic lesions in the lungs, pancreas, left atrium, and pulmonary vein. A laboratory examination showed hypocalcemia with no evidence of any other disease that could induce hypocalcemia. On the basis of the laboratory and clinical findings, we concluded the etiology of her severe hypocalcemia to be excessive calcium consumption by the tumor itself.

Endobronchial pleomorphic adenoma is an extremely rare condition. A 32-year-old woman with exertional dyspnea and cough presented with a carinal mass on chest CT scan. The tumor was successfully removed by rigid bronchoscopy using argon plasma coagulation. Biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. =20

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder of uncertain cause. The most common site of involvement is the mediastinum. Endotracheal CD is extremely rare. We report a case of unicentric, hyaline-vascular type CD presenting as an obstructive tracheal mass. The tumor was successfully managed by rigid bronchoscopy with argon plasma coagulation. There was no recurrence at the 2-month follow-up visit. Copyright =C2=A9 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVES: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has a heterogeneous clinical course. Although most cases show a poor prognosis, a minority has an indolent course. It is difficult to identify indolent MCL cases prospectively. T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1 (TCL1) is expressed by several B-cell lymphomas, including MCL. This study examined the expression of TCL1 and its prognostic relevance for MCL.; METHODS: Clinical data for 162 patients with MCL were collected. Of these, 144 cases with available tissues for tissue microarray construction and immunostaining were included in the analysis. TCL1 staining was quantified using the Nuclear Quant application with Pannoramic Viewer v. 1.14. High TCL1 expression was defined as moderate to strong nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining in 40% or more of the cells.; RESULTS: High TCL1 expression was observed in 39 of 144 samples (27.1%). Patients with low TCL1 expression were more likely to present with blastoid/pleomorphic morphology (P =3D 0.010). Low TCL1 expression was associated with significantly shorter overall survival (OS, P =3D 0.006). Multivariate analysis identified low TCL1 expression (P =3D 0.003), high-risk MIPI (P =3D 0.027), and anemia (P =3D 0.018) as adverse prognostic factors.; CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that TCL1 expression profile may have a role in the prediction of overall outcome in patient with MCL and call for prospective studies. =C2=A9 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with testicular metastasis from prostate carcinoma. After the initial diagnosis of prostate cancer, he had an 8-year course of hormonal therapy and showed no clinical evidence of metastasis to other organs. Asymptomatic metastasis of prostate carcinoma to the testis is a rare clinical condition. We diagnosed his condition, based on histopathology following a subcapsular orchiectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate.

Mesonephric adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor type that is usually found in areas where the Wolffian duct was present during the fetal period. We report a case of mesonephric adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus in a 66-year-old woman who presented with vaginal bleeding. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 2.7-cm-sized irregular thickening and enhancement of the uterine body. The diagnosis following endometrial curettage biopsy was endometrioid adenocarcinoma, and the patient underwent a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. The tumor was composed of small tubular and ductal components, and a retiform appearance was also observed in the deeper areas. The tumor cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin, vimentin, CD10 with a luminal staining pattern, PAX2, and PAX8, and immunonegative for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, which was consistent with tumor of mesonephric origin. Mesonephric neoplasms reveal relatively low-grade nuclear feature, characteristic immunoprofiles (immunonegative for ER and PR, and immunopositive for CD10, PAX2, PAX8, and GATA3), and unique tumor location (myometrium), whereas Mullerian neoplasms such as endometrial adenocarcinoma show various morphology, immunopositivity for ER and PR, and primarily endometrial location. As described above, an integration of the clinical features, morphologic characteristics, and immunohistochemical profiles is needed to make a diagnosis.

The relation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling to osteoarthritis progression has been revealed with little information on the underlying molecular mechanism. In this study we found overexpression of Lef1 in cartilage tissue of osteoarthritic patients and elucidated molecular mechanism of NF-kappa B-mediated Lef1 gene regulation in chondrocytes. Treatment of IL-1 beta augmented Lef1 upregulation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B in chondrocytes. Under IL-1 beta signaling, treatment of NF-kappa B nuclear translocation inhibitor SN-50 reduced Lef1 expression. A conserved NF-kappa B-binding site between mouse and human was selected through bioinformatic analysis and mapped at the 14 kb upstream of Lef1 transcription initiation site. NF-KB binding to the site was confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Lef1 expression was synergistically upregulated by interactions of NF-KB with Lef1/beta-catenin in chondrocytes. Our results suggest a pivotal role of NF-KB in Lef1 expression in arthritic chondrocytes or cartilage degeneration. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Xanthogranulomatous epididymitis is an uncommon but benign process, characterized by tissue destruction and the accumulation of abundant foamy macrophages mixed with lymphocytes and plasma cells. The pathogens generally found to cause xanthogranulomatous inflammation have been Proteus and E. coli. We identified such a pathogen by sequencing divergent regions of 16S rRNA, followed by pathogen-specific-PCR using alr, ipaH, ial, and iuc primer pairs in DNA microdissected from an H&E stained slide. We report here three cases of xanthogranulomatous epididymitis caused by E. coli.