alpha-/beta-Dystroglycans (DG) located at the outmost layer of myelin sheath play a critical role in its formation and stability in the peripheral nerve system. The demyelination of nerve fibers is present in autoimmune neuritis, however, it is not known about the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological process. In an animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis, we observed that beta-DG cleavage was associated with the demyelination of peripheral nerves. The neuritis and beta-DG cleavage were accompanied by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/-9 over-express ions and attenuated by captopril, a MMP inhibitor. The blockade of MMPs also improves clinical signs. Our results reveal a crucial role of MMP-mediated beta-DG cleavage in autoimmune neuritis, such as Guillain-Barre' syndrome, and bring insights into therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Description is given to preparation of three ionic liquid surfactants containing amine functional groups, characterization of their functional groups using the infrared spectrometer, determination of their surface tension and the oil displacement test in this paper to investigate the effect of alkane branch chains with different carbon numbers on the surface tension and the displacement efficiency. The result shows that, the surfactants exhibit the structural characteristic of the ionic liquid as the characteristic absorption peaks occur on C-N and C-H of the imidazole rings at the wave numbers of 1338cm -1, 1234cm -1, 1465cm -1 and 3142cm -1, respectively. The surface tension isothermal curves and the oil displacement test proved that the ionic liquid imidazole surfactants with shorter-chain groups are more active on surface, with the minimal surface tension up to 32.5 mN/m, and led to higher displacement efficiency, increasing by 3.3% at the concentration of 1000mg/L compared with the water flooding.

＜正＞Dear Editor,The genus Liuixalus Li, Che, Bain, Zhao, and Zhang, 2008 is a group of small-bodied Asian rhacophorid tree frogs and currently includes six species distributed in southern China and northern Vietnam（AmphibiaChina, 2022; Pham et al., 2018; Qin et al., 2015）. The type species of Liuixalus, L. romeri（Smith, 1953）, was originally assigned to the genus Chiromantis by Smith（1953） based on morphology. However, using molecular phylogenetic analysis, Li et al.（2008） found that C. romeri formed its own clade with an unidentified tree frog species, which was a sister group of the remaining taxa of the subfamily Rhacophorinae.

This essay traces a modernist aspect of Zhao Shuli’s fiction to his popular story “Rhymes of Li Youcai.” By using an analogy of flaneur from French resources, the essays argues that the major hero’s action delineated as a constant loitering suggests a special mode of intellectual being in his relation to the social and political life he lives in, which is quite exceptional in modern Chinese literature. Moreover, a close reading raises a few theoretical questions about the nature of his storytelling art and invites a rethinking of the relationship between the May Fourth Enlightenment Literature and the Revolutionary Literature.