We study the interplay between leading-by-example and group identity in a public goods game experiment. A common identity between the leader and her followers is beneficial for cooperation: average contributions are more than 30% higher than in a treatment where no identity was induced. In two further treatments we study the effects of heterogeneous identities. We find no effect on cooperation when only part of the followers share the leader's identity, or when followers share a common identity that differs from that of the leader. We conclude that group identity is an effective but fragile instrument to promote cooperation.
The present invention relates to polyC:poly(G/l) dsRNAs for triggering innate immunity, in particular through toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and, optionally, RIG-I or RIG-I— like receptors (RLRs), as well as compositions and medicaments containing such dsRNAs, methods for their production and their use in medicine, especially immunostimulation and prevention and/or therapy of infections and tumor diseases.
In this paper we consider the analysis of an M/G/1 queue with working vacation. In contrast to the previous literature where the working vacation starts when all customers are served (exhaustive discipline) we consider the case where the vacation period starts when the customers present at the system at beginning of the service period are served (gated discipline). The analysis of the model with gated discipline requires a different approach than the one with exhaustive discipline.
The present invention relates to polyC:poly(G/I) dsRNAs for triggering innate immunity, in particular through toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3) and, optionally, RIG-I or RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), as well as compositions and medicaments containing such dsRNAs, methods for their production and their use in medicine, especially immunostimulation and prevention and/or therapy of infections and tumor diseases.
Fix a C ∞ principal G–bundle E0G{E^0_G} on a compact connected Riemann surface X, where G is a connected complex reductive linear algebraic group. We consider the gradient flow of the Yang–Mills–Higgs functional on the cotangent bundle of the space of all smooth connections on E0G{E^0_G}. We prove that this flow preserves the subset of Higgs G–bundles, and, furthermore, the flow emanating from any point of this subset has a limit. Given a Higgs G–bundle, we identify the limit point of the integral curve passing through it. These generalize the results of the second named author on Higgs vector bundles.
We consider the new agegraphic model of dark energy with a varying gravitational constant, G, in a non-flat universe. We obtain the equation of state and the deceleration parameters for both interacting and noninteracting new agegraphic dark energy. We also present the equation of motion determining the evolution behavior of the dark energy density with a time variable gravitational constant. Finally, we generalize our study to the case of viscous new agegraphic dark energy in the presence of an interaction term between both dark components.
The aim of this letter is to propose a new description to the time varying gravitational constant problem, which naturally implements the Dirac’s large numbers hypothesis in a new proposed holographic scenario for the origin of gravity as an entropic force. We survey the effect of the Stochastic motion of the test particle in Verlinde’s scenario for gravity (Verlinde in arXiv:1001.0785, 2010). Firstly we show that we must get the equipartition values for t→∞ which leads to the usual Newtonian gravitational constant. Secondly, the stochastic (Brownian) essence of the motion of the test particle, modifies the Newton’s 2nd law. The direct result is that the Newtonian constant has been time dependence in resemblance as Setare and Momeni (arXiv:1004.0589, 2010).
Motivated by several observational and theoretical developments concerning the variability of Newton’s gravitational constant with time G(t), we calculate the varying G correction to the statefinder parameters for four models of dark energy namely interacting dark energy holographic dark energy, new-agegraphic dark energy and generalized Chaplygin gas.
The present study deals with spatially homogeneous and totally anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type I cosmological model with variable G and I > in presence of imperfect fluid. To get the deterministic model of Universe, we assume that the expansion (theta) in the model is proportional to shear (sigma). This condition leads to A=a""B (n) , where A, B are metric potential. The cosmological constant I > is found to be decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time which is supported by recent Supernovae Ia (SN Ia) observations. Also it is evident that the distance modulus curve of derived model matches with observations perfectly.