Transparent films incorporated with quantum dots are promising light conversion materials for many cutting-edge technologies including light-emitting diodes and luminescent solar concentrators. In this work, we demonstrated that a combination of water soluble quantum dots and ultrathin cellulose nanofibers is an advantageous strategy to fabricate highly emissive thin films of tens of micrometers. By varying the composition of quantum dots, these thin films exhibit tunable photoluminescence emissions, ranging from blue to red as well as white light. Because of the inherent nanoscale phase separation of cellulose nanofibers, the loading content of quantum dots can be increased up to 50 wt%, which results in a significant increase of the refractive index. The combination of high refractive index (similar to 1.56), colour-tunable emissions (450-650 nm) and high transparency (similar to 80%, at a wavelength longer than the absorption band of quantum dots) makes them promising candidates for photonic and optoelectronic devices.
Zhu, Min
Wu, Liangcai
Rao, Feng
Song, Zhitang
Ji, Xinglong
Yao, Dongning
Cheng, Yan
Lv, Shilong
Song, Sannian
Liu, Bo
Xu, Ling
As a growth-dominated phase change material, Sb4Te (ST) has fast crystallization speed while thermal stability is very poor, which makes it unsuitable for application in phase change random access memory (PCRAM). After doping Ti, the crystallization temperature is greatly improved to 210.33 degrees C, which is much higher than that of conventional Ge2Sb2Te5 (similar to 150 degrees C), and the melting point is reduced to 540.27 degrees C. In addition, grain size of crystalline Ti-doped Sb4Te (TST) film is significantly decreased to nanoscale. Ti atom is believed to occupy the lattice site of Sb atom in TST. With good thermal stability, TST-based PCRAM cell also has fast crystallization rate of 6 ns. Furthermore, the energy consumption is also lower than that of Ge2Sb2Te5-based one. Endurance of exceeding 2E5 cycles is obtained with a resistance ratio of one order of magnitude. Therefore, Ti doping seems to be a good way to solve the contradiction between thermal stability and fast crystallization speed of Sb-Te alloys. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.
In one embodiment, the methods and apparatuses include requesting an expert
during a collaboration session; determining a subject matter of the collaboration
session; detecting a potential participant to serve as the expert; and inviting
the potential participant to join the collaboration session.
Battlefield weather environment can't be collected automatically in the existing artillery command automation system, and the response speed of this system is affected seriously. So, firstly, the new-style wind speed, wind direction, temperature and humidity sensor are used to convert these weather parameters into frequency, gray code, voltage. Then the PIC16C73 chip is adopted to translate the output such as frequency and voltage into binary code which is identified easily by computer. The gray code is input into computer directly, and be translated into azimuth by programming. Finally, GAL20V8 and tri-state buffer 74HC573 are used to connect the four kind weather parameters with computer respectively through different port. The automatic collection and processing of battlefield weather environment is realized, and real time and accurate information source for command automation is provided.
This paper present a relay protection algorithm based on fuzzy neural network theory. FZZ makes full use of the strong structural knowledge express ability of fuzzy logic as well as self-learning and direct quantitative data processing ability of neural network. Hence the robustness and self-learning of FZZ are improved. At the end of this paper, we use a relay protection working case to certify the application.
Zhu, Min
Yu, Xiaobo
Wang, Wei
Zhao, Wenjin
Jia, Liantao
Osteichthyans, or bony vertebrates, include actinopterygians (teleosts and their relatives) and sarcopterygians (coelacanths, lungfishes and tetrapods). Despite features found in basal actinopterygians (for example, Dialipina and Ligulalepis)(1-3) and basal sarcopterygians (for example, Psarolepis and Achoania)(4,5), the morphological gap between the two lineages remains wide and how sarcopterygians developed a dermal surface covering known as cosmine (composed of a pore-canal network and a single layer of odontodes and enamel) is still poorly known(6-10). Here we describe a primitive fossil fish, Meemannia eos gen. et sp. nov., that possesses an actinopterygian-like skull roof and a cosmine-like dermal surface combining a pore-canal network (found in various fossil sarcopterygians) with superimposed layers of odontodes and enamel (previously known in actinopterygians and some acanthodians(11-13)). This 405-million-year-old fish from the Lower Devonian of Yunnan (China) demonstrates that cosmine in many fossil sarcopterygians arose step by step through the acquisition of a pore-canal network followed by the subsequently developed ability to resorb previous generations of odontodes and enamel. Meemannia provides key characters for studying deep osteichthyan phylogeny and indicates a possible morphotype for the common ancestor of actinopterygians and sarcopterygians.
Zhu, Min
Zhang, Wenbo
Dickens, Deanna L.
Ding, Lei
Accurate estimation of location and extent of neuronal sources from EEG/MEG remain challenging. In the present study, a new source imaging method, i.e. variation and wavelet based sparse source imaging (VW-SSI), is proposed to better estimate cortical source locations and extents. VW-SSI utilizes the Ll-norm regularization method with the enforcement of transform sparseness in both variation and wavelet domains. The performance of the proposed method is assessed by both simulated and experimental MEG data, obtained from a language task and a motor task. Compared to L2-norm regularizations, VW-SSI demonstrates significantly improved capability in reconstructing multiple extended cortical sources with less spatial blurredness and less localization error. With the use of transform sparseness, VW-SSI overcomes the over-focused problem in classic SSI methods. With the use of two transformations, VW-SSI further indicates significantly better performance in estimating MEG source locations and extents than other SSI methods with single transformations. The present experimental results indicate that VW-SSI can successfully estimate neural sources (and their spatial coverage) located in close areas while responsible for different functions, i.e. temporal cortical sources for auditory and language processing, and sources on the pre-bank and post-bank of the central sulcus. Meantime, all other methods investigated in the present study fail to recover these phenomena. Precise estimation of cortical source locations and extents from EEG/MEG is of significance for applications in neuroscience and neurology. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Zhu, Min
Wang, Shu-Sen
Xia, Zhen-Xiong
Cao, Rong-Hua
Chen, Dong
Huang, Ya-Bing
Liu, Bin
Chen, Zhonghua-Klaus
Chen, Shi
Background. Rejection mediated by antibody recognition of the alpha-Gal epitope (Galalpha1-3Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-R) is a major barrier in porcine-to-human xenotransplantation. Because the synthesis of alpha-Gal is dependent on alpha1,3 galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT), methods of blocking this enzyme are needed. RNA interference induced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful technique for allowing the silencing of mammalian genes with great specificity and potency. In this study, we use siRNA for silencing of alpha1,3GT with the purpose of reducing expression of the alpha-Gal epitope and subsequently decreasing immunogenicity of porcine endothelial cells. Methods. alpha1,3GT-specific and control siRNAs were transfected into the porcine aortic endothelial cell line, PED. alpha-Gal expression was assessed by Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Protection from human-complement and natural killer (NK)-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was evaluated by Cr-51-release assays after incubation of PED with normal human serum (NHS) and NK92 cell, respectively. Results. RNA interference was successfully achieved in PED as witnessed by the specific knock-down of alpha1,3GT mRNA levels. Flow cytometric analysis using the Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 lectin confirmed the suppression of alpha1,3GT activity as evidenced by decreased alpha-Gal. Functional relevance of the knock-down phenotype was illustrated by the finding that silenced PED were protected from cytotoxicity of NHS. Protection from NK-mediated cytotoxicity was not observed. Conclusions. Our data are the first to demonstrate that RNA interference is a potent tool to down modulate alpha-Gal expression and to protect endothelial cells from complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Gene silencing by siRNA may represent a new approach for overcoming hyperacute and acute vascular rejection.
Zhu, Min
Zhao, Wenjin
Jia, Liantao
Lu, Jing
Qiao, Tuo
Qu, Qingming
The evolutionary history of osteichthyans (bony fishes plus tetrapods) extends back to the Ludlow epoch of the Silurian period. However, these Silurian forms have been documented exclusively by fragmentary fossils. Here we report the discovery of an exceptionally preserved primitive fish from the Ludlow of Yunnan, China, that represents the oldest near-complete gnathostome (jawed vertebrate). The postcranial skeleton of this fish includes a primitive pectoral girdle and median fin spine as in non-osteichthyan gnathostomes, but a derived macromeric squamation as in crown osteichthyans, and substantiates the unexpected mix of postcranial features in basal sarcopterygians, previously restored from the disarticulated remains of Psarolepis. As the oldest articulated sarcopterygian, the new taxon offers insights into the origin and early divergence of osteichthyans, and indicates that the minimum date for the actinopterygian-sarcopterygian split was no later than 419 million years ago.
In one embodiment, the methods and apparatuses detect a query; detect a plurality
of available participants; search a plurality of electronic mail messages associated
with the plurality of available participants based on the query; and identify
a qualified participant from the plurality of available participants based
on searching the plurality of electronic mail messages.
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