Three weaves (plain, twill 1/3 and satin 8/3) of hybrid kevlar/PTFE fabric composites were selected for investigating the influence of weaves on the tribological properties. Pin-on-flat linear reciprocating wear studies were done on the three kinds of composites on a CETR Tester under pressure 20 MPa and frequency 13 Hz. The relationship between the tensile strength and the tribological performance of fabric composites was also examined. It was observed that though the friction coefficient of satin 8/3 was the lowest, the specific wear rate was also the highest. Plain weave, however, performed worse in friction-reduction while resulting best in antiwear performance. The tensile strength does not have an influence on the wear performance. So the different tribological performance of the three weaves of fabric composites may attribute to the different PTFE proportion in the fabric surface and adhesive wear. A model of wear process of fabric composites was proposed and supported by the Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) studies.

In this paper the mechanical properties of a series of hydrogen functionalized graphyne are investigated through acting tensile loads on the monolayer networks. Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to calculate the fracture strains and corresponding maximum forces for pristine graphyne along both armchair and zigzag directions. Furthermore, hydrogen functionalized graphynes with different functionalization sites are analyzed to investigate the effect of functionlization on the mechanical performance. Finally, Young's modulus of all the investigated architectures are computed. The obtained results show that monolayer graphyne is mechanically stable with high strength and stiffness, and the mechanical performance can be tuned through structure engineering and functionalization.

In this research, a simple and facile approach was reported for the synthesis of highly oriented TiO(x)/N(y) nanowire arrays that originated from TiO(2) nanoparticles. The results indicated that nanowire arrays were fabricated with controllable lengths by adjusting the amount of NH(3) under medium pressures. The preferable orientation of nanowires was (1 0 3) crystal facet, which led to remarkable V(oc) values in comparison with TiO(2) nanoparticles. An NH(3)-assisted vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism was proposed for the direct growth of nanowire arrays from TiO(2) nanoparticles. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The application of germanium as a channel material of transistors in near future requires an improved understanding of the interface between germanium and its potential passivation layer. In this study, we study effects of nitrogen incorporation on the thermal stability and electronic properties of GeOxNy/Ge interface by using high-resolution X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. We find that with the increasing nitrogen concentration in the GeOxNy films, the thermal stability can be increased, while the valence band offset with the Ge(001)substrate is decreased. First-principles calculations further suggest that the unpaired p orbitals of nitrogen atoms induce electronic states near valence band edge, contributing to the reduction of the valence band offset. Our results provide a possibility to tune electronic and thermal properties of GeOxNy/Ge interface by controlling nitrogen concentrations during the growth.

The purpose of this response to the original work by Yang, Lin and Han (Tourism Management, 2009), is to continue discussion of the impacts created by the formal accreditation of sites through the process of UNESCO recognition. In the particular case described by Yang, Lin and Han, alternative interpretations of the results may be offered. Additional evidence is also provided from instances in Italy and overall it appears that econometric analysis questions the degree to which UNESCO accreditation generates the economic returns from tourism that may have prompted the original applications.

The purpose of this response to the original work by Yang, Lin and Han (Tourism Management, 2009), is to continue discussion of the impacts created by the formal accreditation of sites through the process of UNESCO recognition. In the particular case described by Yang, Lin and Han, alternative interpretations of the results may be offered. Additional evidence is also provided from instances in Italy and overall it appears that econometric analysis questions the degree to which UNESCO accreditation generates the economic returns from tourism that may have prompted the original applications.

This note replies Cellini's comment on the real effect of WHL in inducing more tourist arrivals in Yang, Lin and Han (2010, Tourism Management). Due to the time-invariant feature of the WHL number in the short-run, the fixed effect of panel data model seems to be inadequate on evaluating the impact of WHL on attracting international tourists. However, pooling estimates show that a region with more WHLs can attract more tourists. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

This note replies Cellini's comment on the real effect of WHL in inducing more tourist arrivals in Yang, Lin and Han (2010, Tourism Management). Due to the time-invariant feature of the WHL number in the short-run, the fixed effect of panel data model seems to be inadequate on evaluating the impact of WHL on attracting international tourists. However, pooling estimates show that a region with more WHLs can attract more tourists.