Wang, Qiang
Jha, Awadhesh N.
Chen, Xi
Dong, Jie-fang
Wang, Xing-min
The article addresses the potential role of geosciences in development of civilian nuclear power plants (NPPs). We firstly highlight the fact that the Fukushima accident of 2011 is different from previous major nuclear accidents at the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl in that the former was triggered externally by a natural disaster, that is, a powerful tectonic earthquake followed by tsunami. Following this, we assess the situation of the NPPs to prepare the occurrence of such a tectonic activity through case study of the Fukushima Daiichi NPP. Finally, some policy recommendations are proposed for a wider and innate integration of geosciences into the governance of civilian NPPs (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Wang, Qiang
Ding, Zhao Lei
Wang, Hai Yun
Lv, Wen Chao
A grey box model of screw ground source heat pump unit has been established and operating characteristics of the unit using R22 refrigerants were simulated. The effects on refrigerating capacity, heating capacity, power consumption of the compressor and COP on conditions of cooling and heating have been analyzed with different inlet water temperature of evaporator and inlet water temperature of condenser. Results show that main factor which affecting COP of heat pump unit is inlet water temperature of condenser. The change of refrigerating capacity and heating capacity are mainly caused by inlet water temperature of evaporator. Measures can be done to decrease the inlet water temperature of condenser when the unit operates for a long time and to increase inlet water temperature of evaporator on very hot or very cold conditions.
Cold spray (CS) is an emerging revolutionary technology for deposition of metal or composite powders at a low temperature. High quality deposits can be produced without heating related defects, such as oxidation, phase transformation and residual tensile stress due to the shrinkage during fast cooling. The present contribution demonstrates the state of the art of CS process. Since nozzle is a key component in the CS equipment to prompt the efficiency of particle acceleration, the progress of its design is summarized. Major issues regarding to the successful adhesion of particles and corresponding interaction with substrates and existing deposits are discussed, in terms of numerical simulation and experimental observation. Current implemented CS applications are presented, and potential industrial applications are discussed.
Disclosed is a continuous casting method with an electromagnetic swirling flow nozzle. The method comprises: before continuous casting, selecting an electromagnetic swirling device; installing the selected electromagnetic swirling device (3) between a tundish (1) and a crystallizer (4), the electromagnetic swirling device being capable of telescopic movements in a horizontal direction relative to a nozzle (2); when the continuous casting is carried out, moving the electromagnetic swirling device to the periphery of the nozzle; energizing the electromagnetic swirling device; according to process requirements, adjusting the current and frequency to enable the electromagnetic swirling device to generate a rotary electromagnetic field, the rotary electromagnetic field acting on molten steel in the nozzle to enable the molten steel in the nozzle to rotate; and finally obtaining uniform nozzle discharge. The present invention also relates to three electromagnetic swirling devices, including a two-sectional electromagnetic swirling device, an electromagnetic swirling device having an opening on one side and a closed magnetic circuit, and an electromagnetic swirling device having an opening on a single side, which satisfy the requirements of continuous casting with electromagnetic swirling and would not have a significant influence on the existing continuous casting processes.
Wang, Qiang
Mathews, Aswin J
Li, Ke
Wen, Jie
Komarov, Sergey
O’Sullivan, Joseph A
Tai, Yuan-Chuan
PET provides an in vivo molecular and functional imaging capability that could be valuable for studying the interaction of plants in changing environments at the whole-plant level. We have developed a dedicated plant PET imager housed in a plant growth chamber (PGC), which provides a fully controlled environment. The system currently contains two types of scintillation detector modules from commercial small animal PET scanners: 84 microPET (R) detectors, which are made with scintillation crystal arrays of 2.2 mm(3) x 2.2 mm(3) x 10 mm(3) crystals to provide a large detection area; and 32 Inveon (TM) detectors, which are made with scintillation crystal arrays of 1.5 mm3 x 1.5 mm(3) x 10 mm(3) crystals to provide higher spatial resolution. The detector modules are configured to form two half-rings, which provide a 15 cm-diameter trans-axial field of view (FOV) for dynamic tomographic imaging of small plants. Alternatively, the Inveon detectors can be reconfigured to form quarter-rings, which provide a 25 cm FOV using step-and-shoot motion. The imager contains two linear stages that move detectors vertically at different heights for multisection scanning, and two rotation stages to collect coincidence events from all angles when using the step-and-shoot acquisition. The detector modules and mechanical components of the imager are housed inside a PGC that regulates the environmental parameters. The system has a typical energy resolution of 15% for the Inveon detectors and 24% for the microPET detectors, timing resolution of 1.8 ns, and sensitivity of 1.3%, 1.4% and 3.0% measured at the center of the FOV, 5 cm off to the larger half-ring and 5 cm off to the smaller half-ring, respectively (with a 350-650 keV energy window and 3.1 ns timing window). The system's spatial resolution is capable of resolving rod sources of 1.25 mm diameter spaced 2.5 mm apart (center to center) using the ML-EM reconstruction algorithm. Preliminary imaging experiments using soybean and wild type and mutant maize labeled with (CO2)-C-11 produced high-quality dynamic PET images that reveal the translocation and distribution patterns of photoassimilates. This system can be used to provide an in vivo molecular and functional imaging capability for plant research. 2.5 mm apart (center to center) using the ML-EM reconstruction algorithm. Preliminary imaging experiments using soybean and wild type and mutant maize labeled with (CO2)-C-11 produced high-quality dynamic PET images that reveal the translocation and distribution patterns of photoassimilates. This system can be used to provide an in vivo molecular and functional imaging capability for plant research.
The genus Codonopsis has been controversial in its circumscription. In the strict sense, the genus consists of three subgenera, Codonopsis, Pseudocodonopsis, and Obconicicapsula. Recent molecular and palynological analyses suggest that the latter two subgenera and Cod. purpurea Wall. are separated from rest Codonopsis. In the present study, extensive observations were carried out in wild populations and on more than 800 specimens of subg. Pseudocodonopsis, subg. Obconicicapsula, and Cod. purpurea. Their chromosome numbers were counted for the first time. Recent palynological and molecular data were also analyzed and reevaluated. Our integrated phylogenetic analyses revealed that the three groups are distinct from the rest of Codonopsis. Furthermore, they are also distinct from each other, and cannot be circumscribed in a single genus. Therefore, three new genera are here proposed based on molecular phylogenetics, palynology, cytology, and external morphology. New combinations are made in the present article.
Wang, Qiang
Gao, Ning
Jiao, Wen Zhe
Wang, Guan Jie
In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of prediction of deformation monitoring data, a hybrid modeling and forecasting approach based on autoregressive model (AR) and the back-propagation (BP) neural network is proposed to forecast the deformation. The results of experiments show that this method can forecast the deformation precisely, and it is more suitable for those occasions where the deformation monitoring data should meet the high demand.