By circumference milling with 5-axis machine or machining center has quite the machining efficiency and the surface quality of the products been improved. But when inclined inside surface of cavity is circumference milled with the default linear interpolation of rotation angle algorithm, it results in a serious non-linear error, which takes on over cutting or under cutting, e.g. the inclined plane will be over milled by the machine with dual swivel-head machining center. In order to resolve this problem, the direct interpolation algorithm of tool orientation is developed after analyzing the algorithm of linear interpolation of rotation angles and its non-linear error is. The algorithm is reported and tested with the object of a machine with AB-axis swivel head. The testing results proved that it can resolve the problem of non-linear error.
Shen, Bin
Zhai, Wentao
Lu, Dingding
Wang, Jing
Zheng, Wenge
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) functionalized graphene (f-G) was prepared by ultrasonication of pristine graphene (p-G) in a PVA aqueous solution. PVA macroradicals formed by sonochemical degradation of the PVA solution were successfully trapped by graphene and grafted onto its surface. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy and H-1 NMR measurements. The content of PVA on graphene was estimated to be similar to 35%. The f-G could be well dispersed in the PVA matrix by a simple solution mixing and casting procedure. Due to the effective load transfer between f-G and PVA matrix, the mechanical properties of the f-G/PVA films were significantly improved. Compared with the p-G/PVA films, a 12.6% increase in tensile strength and a 15.6% improvement of Young's modulus were achieved by addition of only 0.3 wt% f-G. Moreover, our simple ultrasonication technique could enable us to functionalize graphene with other polymers.
A method of paging for a wireless d evice with multiple radio interfaces correspon ding to multiple access networks. The method provides a first interface from the mul tiple radio interfaces to listen to paging for the mul tiple radio i nterfaces; turns the rest of the mul tiple radio interfaces into deep-sleep mode; and maintains at tachment for each of the deep-sleep interfaces to a corresponding se rving base station or access point.
Molecular dynamics simulation was employed to investigate the atomic scale frictional behaviors of diamond films under various sliding conditions with different normal loads, sliding velocities and temperatures, where the (100) surface of a face-centered-cubic (FCC) Cu lattice was brought to slide against the (111) surface of a diamond lattice. The interaction between pair atoms were derived from Morse potential and the motion equations of atoms were integrated using the velocity Verlet algorithm. The simulations revealed significant dependence of the atomic-scale friction force of diamond film on sliding parameters; furthermore, the mechanism of such dependences was discussed from the viewpoint of atomic motion.
Shen, Bin
Zheng, Jin-Hui
Chow, Pui-Sze
Chow, Ka-Yan
The issue of sustainability is crucial in fashion business and has received considerable attentions from the consumers. In this paper, we investigate the change in people's concerns on sustainable fashion by using secondary data collected from two major online fashion forums from 2004 to 2012. Our analysis is taken by a cross-time approach and the results reflect that forum discussions over sustainable fashion have changed over time. While topics on sustainable production and remanufacturing, green information sharing, and green attitude and education once received heated discussions in the mid-2000s, green marketing has become the main focus lately. Our results imply that provision of green information by fashion retailers is a way to educate consumers and improve their awareness in the importance of sustainability. It is also beneficial to stimulate consumers' purchase decision of sustainable fashion. The findings provide industry insights for practitioners to better develop and promote sustainable fashion.
A razor blade including a substrate with a coating joined to the substrate defining a coated blade. The coated blade including a cutting edge being defined by a blade tip having a tip radius of from 500 to 1500 angstroms. The coated blade having a thickness of between 0.3 and 0.5 micrometers measured at a distance of 0.25 micrometers from the blade tip, a thickness of between 0.4 and 0.65 micrometers measured at a distance of 0.5 micrometers from the blade tip, a thickness of between 0.61 and 0.71 micrometers measured at a distance of 1 micrometer from the blade tip, a thickness of between 0.96 and 1.16 micrometers measured at a distance of 2 micrometers from the blade tip, and a thickness of between 1.56 and 1.91 micrometers measured at a distance of 4 micrometers from the blade tip.
In the 5-axis machining, when the tool orientation approaches the one of the rotation axis, the sharp changing of the rotation angles obtained by the transforming of tool orientations causes a large over cutting or under cutting for the limit of the machine’s dynamic characteristic, which is called singular problem. After analyzing the causing of the singular problem, the position of singular point, the singular value and the nonlinear error, etc, an improved plane interpolation algorithm based on plane interpolation of tool orientation algorithm is given out in the paper following with the simulation and test of the circumference milling of the tilt plane (tilt angle: 1°) separately with the plane interpolation and improved plane interpolation based on a 5-axis machining center with two swiveling heads (rotation axes: C/A). The results prove that the new interpolation is valid and correct.
Shen, Bin
Xiao, Guoxian
Guo, Changsheng
Malkin, Stephen
Shih, Albert J.
A new thermocouple fixation method for grinding temperature measurement is presented. Unlike the conventional method using a welded thermocouple, this new method uses epoxy for affixing the embedded thermocouple within a blind hole in the workpiece subsurface. During grinding, the thermocouple junction is exposed and bonded to provide direct contact with the ground surface by the smearing of the workpiece material. Experiments were conducted to evaluate this simplified thermocouple fixation method including the effect of thermocouple junction size. Heat transfer models were applied to calculate the energy partition for grinding under dry, wet, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. For shallow-cut grinding of cast iron using a vitreous bond aluminium oxide wheel, the energy partition using a small wheel depth of cut of 10 mu m was estimated as 84% for dry grinding, 84% for MQL grinding, but only 24% for wet grinding. Such a small energy partition with wet grinding can be attributed to cooling by the fluid at the grinding zone. Increasing the wheel depth fo cut to 25 mu m for wet grinding resulted in a much bigger energy partition of 92% which can be attributed to fluid film boiling and loss of cooling at the grinding zone.
Shen, Bin
Arese, Marco
Gualandris, Anna
Rifkin, Daniel B.
By using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified the ribosomal protein L6/TAXREB107 as an intracellular partner for FGF-2. L6/TAXREB107 also mediates the DNA binding of the HTLV-1 transactivator Tax.In vitrobinding experiments indicated that both the high-molecular-weight forms (HMW) and the 18-kDa form of FGF-2 bind to L6/TAXREB107. Deletion analysis suggested that L6/TAXREB107 has two binding sites for HMW FGF-2 and one binding site for 18-kDa FGF-2, implying that the unique N-terminal extension of the HMW FGF-2 is one of the binding domains for L6/TAXREB107. Transfection assays showed that high expression of either HMW or 18 kDa FGF-2 stimulates Tax-mediated transactivation in NIH 3T3 cells. This result suggests a possible role of FGF-2 in Tax-mediated HTLV-1 transformation as well as FGF-2 binding to ribosomes and/or their precursors.
A portable computer with height-adjustable screen is provided, it comprises a screen (1) of the portable computer, horizontal axis (11), horizontal damped slider (12); it further comprises a stretching rod (13) which connects with the horizontal axis (11); the said stretching rod (13) further comprises a vertical damped slider (14) or hydraulic pressure structure or locking screw; because the height of screen is adjustable, the user can adjust the screen to the appropriate angle optionally and the appropriate height optionally.