A biography of Howell M. Estes, a U.S. Air Force General, is presented. He was born in 1914 at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia and was a 1936 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He entered pilot training school in June 1939 and transferred to the Army Air Corps in April 1940. During World War II, he was a flight instructor and then director of training at Brooks Field, Texas. He received three Air Force Distinguished Service Medals, three awards of the Legion of Merit and many more.
Food (MIC: 4.1 SIC: 2067 NAIC: 311340)William Wrigley Jr. is a manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum and other confectionery products,both in the United States and abroad. Two domestic wholly-owned associated companies,L.A. Dreyfus Company and Northwestern Flavors,LLC,manufacture products,gum base and mint oil,respectively,other than chewing gum or confectionery products. As of Dec 31 2004,Co.'s brands were sold in over 180 countries and territories. Brand names include,among numerous others,Doublemint®,Eclipse®,Extra®,Orbit®,Wrigley's Spearmint®,Winterfresh®,Airwaves®,Alpine®,Big Red®,Cool Air®,Excel®,Freedent®,Juicy Fruit®,Hubba Bubba®,and P.K.®
Food (MIC: 4.1 SIC: 2067 NAIC: 311340)William Wrigley Jr. is a manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum and other confectionery products,both in the United States and abroad. Two domestic wholly-owned associated companies,L.A. Dreyfus Company and Northwestern Flavors,LLC,manufacture products,gum base and mint oil,respectively,other than chewing gum or confectionery products. As of Dec 31 2004,Co.'s brands were sold in over 180 countries and territories. Brand names include,among numerous others,Doublemint®,Eclipse®,Extra®,Orbit®,Wrigley's Spearmint®,Winterfresh®,Airwaves®,Alpine®,Big Red®,Cool Air®,Excel®,Freedent®,Juicy Fruit®,Hubba Bubba®,and P.K.®
Food (MIC: 4.1 SIC: 2067 NAIC: 311340)William Wrigley Jr. is a manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum and other confectionery products,both in the United States and abroad. Two domestic wholly-owned associated companies,L.A. Dreyfus Company and Northwestern Flavors,LLC,manufacture products,gum base and mint oil,respectively,other than chewing gum or confectionery products. As of Dec 31 2004,Co.'s brands were sold in over 180 countries and territories. Brand names include,among numerous others,Doublemint®,Eclipse®,Extra®,Orbit®,Wrigley's Spearmint®,Winterfresh®,Airwaves®,Alpine®,Big Red®,Cool Air®,Excel®,Freedent®,Juicy Fruit®,Hubba Bubba®,and P.K.®
Food (MIC: 4.1 SIC: 2067 NAIC: 311340)William Wrigley Jr. is a manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum and other confectionery products,both in the United States and abroad. Two domestic wholly-owned associated companies,L.A. Dreyfus Company and Northwestern Flavors,LLC,manufacture products,gum base and mint oil,respectively,other than chewing gum or confectionery products. As of Dec 31 2004,Co.'s brands were sold in over 180 countries and territories. Brand names include,among numerous others,Doublemint®,Eclipse®,Extra®,Orbit®,Wrigley's Spearmint®,Winterfresh®,Airwaves®,Alpine®,Big Red®,Cool Air®,Excel®,Freedent®,Juicy Fruit®,Hubba Bubba®,and P.K.®
There is a need for pragmatic and rigorous research designs to evaluate the effectiveness of population-based health interventions. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) has limitations in its practicality, ethical appropriateness, and cost when evaluating population-based interventions. Like RCTs, the multiple baseline design can demonstrate that a change in behavior has occurred, the change is a result of the intervention, and the change is significant. Especially important practical advantages over the RCT are that this design requires fewer population groups and communities may act as their own controls. Advantages and methodologic limitations of the multiple baseline design are discussed, and where feasible, strategies to minimize the impact of its limitations are suggested. Recommendations for future research are included.
There is a need for pragmatic and rigorous research designs to evaluate the effectiveness of population-based health interventions. The randomized controlled trial (RCT) has limitations in its practicality, ethical appropriateness, and cost when evaluating population-based interventions. Like RCTs, the multiple baseline design can demonstrate that a change in behavior has occurred, the change is a result of the intervention, and the change is significant. Especially important practical advantages over the RCT are that this design requires fewer population groups and communities may act as their own controls. Advantages and methodologic limitations of the multiple baseline design are discussed, and where feasible, strategies to minimize the impact of its limitations are suggested. Recommendations for future research are included.