We experimentally investigate the phase vortices and singularity in the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) field produced by oil-immersed silver spiral slit under illumination of linear polarized plane wave. Experimentally, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer system is constructed to detect the scattered SPP field with the phase retrieved from the interferogram. We find six nonuniform vortices and a singularity line segment in the central part of the slit. We propose the experiment method of assistive circular ring-slit to obtain the expression of the excited secondary SPP source and use the Huygens-Fresnel principle for the SPP wave propagations to explore the formation of vortices. From the experimental and the theoretically computed results, it is demonstrated that the topological charge of each vortex is nonuniform despite of its unity mean value. Based on the maps of phases and intensities, we find that the orbital angular momentum of a photon is azimuthally nonuniform and keeps almost unchanged in radial direction, and its density is approximately proportional to distance squared from the core.
Li, Xing
Lin, Qu
Dong, Min
Wen, Jing-Yun
Wei, Li
Ma, Xiao-Kun
Chen, Zhan-Hong
Wu, Xiang-Yuan
The prognosis and management of acute exacerbations of hepatitis-B in patients with lymphoma after chemotherapy in combination with rituximab remain unclear. Here, we describe 19 Chinese patients with lymphoma who suffered this complication, in order to analyze their clinical characteristics. Receiver operating characteristic analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were utilized to determine potential prognostic factors. We found that key prognostic factors included the peak prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), and total bilirubin (TB), as well as the PT and INR on admission and the interval between acute exacerbation of hepatitis-B and the last cycle of chemotherapy. Moreover, our data suggested that shorter interval between the last cycle of rituximab and acute exacerbation of hepatitis-B might be another prognostic indicator of inferior survival. Our results revealed that the severity of hepatic damage and the interval between the last cycle of chemotherapy and hepatitis flare were the major prognostic factors of an acute exacerbation of hepatitis-B induced by immunochemotherapy. Prophylactic antiviral and rescue antiviral therapy remain to be further characterized.
A hollow cylinder, which consists of an inner functionally graded elastic substrate and an outer functionally graded elastic layer with cyclically symmetric cracks (a special case of multiple cracks), is considered under anti-plane shear load. The method of variable separation is employed to reduce the mixed boundary value problems to a Cauchy singular integral equation, which is solved numerically by the Lobatto-Chebyshev quadrature technique. Numerical results are presented to show the effects of geometrical and physical quantities on the stress intensity factors (SIFs). Parametric studies are conducted on the SIFs, and practical guidelines are given for the optimization of the fracture performance: (a) the SIFs depend on the ratio between the outer and inner radii, and the ratio should be at least 1.1; (b) the outer elastic layer should be stiffer than the inner elastic substrate; (c) large non-homogeneity parameter of the outer graded layer and small non-homogeneity parameter of the inner graded substrate are beneficial to SIFs reduction; (d) there is a strong interference between the stress fields around multiple cracks when the cyclically symmetric parameter increases.
Highlights • Three kinds of structured CNFs/CP composites were synthesized using catalytic CVD method. • CNFs/CP-Fe/CO composite was the most satisfactory support for structurizing Pt catalyst. • CNF yield was optimized for structured catalysts to gain the maximum H2 evolution amount during decalin dehydrogenation. Abstract Three kinds of structured carbon-nanofibers/carbon-paper (CNFs/CP) composites were synthesized through in-situ growth of CNFs on the surface of CP by catalytic chemical vapor deposition, and directly employed as the catalytic supports to disperse active Pt nano-particles for decalin dehydrogenation to produce COx-free hydrogen. The CNFs/CP composites combined the unique physico-chemical properties of CNFs and the excellent thermal conductivity and the large geometric surface area of CP, making them favorable for heat transfer to the strongly endothermic dehydrogenation reaction. The reaction and composite variables such as the feed volume and the CNF yield were optimized for pursuing the maximum amount of hydrogen evolution in a definite reaction time. The effects of morphology, texture property and microstructure as well as surface chemistry of CNFs of different CNFs/CP composites on the catalytic performance were investigated. The results show that the largest accumulative hydrogen amount (4.32 mol/gPt) in 2 h was generated from a proper volume of decalin over a novel structured Pt/CNFs/CP catalyst, which was fabricated with an appropriate growth of CNFs yielding 2.7 (wt./wt.) on CP via catalytic decomposition of CO gas over Fe particles. Graphical abstract Structured CNFs/CP composite was fabricated as the support of Pt catalyst for catalytic decalin dehydrogenation to release hydrogen.
A range hood comprises a machine body (10), a pumping apparatus (30), a first output tube (60), a second output tube (40), and a first nozzle (50). The pumping apparatus (30) is mounted in the machine body (10). The first output tube (60) is provided with a first inlet end (61) connected to the pumping apparatus (30) and a first outlet end (62) mounted on the machine body (10). The second output tube (40) is provided with a second outlet end (42) and a second inlet end (41) which is connected to the second output tube (40). The first nozzle (50) is connected to the second outlet end (42).