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Now showing items 97 - 112 of 233

  • Ecophysiological Plasticity and Cold Stress Adaptation in Himalayan Alpine Herbs: Bistorta affinis and Sibbaldia procumbens

    Rahman, Inayat Ur   Hart, Robbie   Afzal, Aftab   Iqbal, Zafar   Alqarawi, Abdulaziz A.   Abd_Allah, Elsayed Fathi   Hashem, Abeer   Ijaz, Farhana   Ali, Niaz   Calixto, Eduardo Soares  

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  • Response of plant physiological attributes to altitudinal gradient: Plant adaptation to temperature variation in the Himalayan region

    Rahman, Inayat Ur   Afzal, Aftab   Iqbal, Zafar   Hart, Robbie   Abd Allah, Elsayed Fathi   Alqarawi, Abdulaziz A.   Alsubeie, Moodi Saham   Soares, Eduardo C.   Ijaz, Farhana   Ali, Niaz   Kausar, Rukhsana   Shah, Muzammil   Bussmann, Rainer W.  

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  • Investigation of Spatio-temporal Satellite Thermal IR Anomalies Associated with the Awaran Earthquake (Sep 24, 2013; M 7.7), Pakistan

    Ahamd, Nabeel   Barkat, Adnan   Ali, Aamir   Sultan, Mahmood   Rasul, Khurram   Iqbal, Zafar   Iqbal, Talat  

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  • A High-Resolution LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitative Determination of Artemether and Its Metabolite Dihydroartemisinin in Human Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies

    Khuda, Fazli   Iqbal, Zafar   Shah, Yasar   Abbas, Muhammad   Zakiullah   Hassan, Muhammad  

    A highly sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the determination of artemether and its metabolite dihydroartemisinin in human plasma using artemisinin as an internal standard. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Supelco Discovery HS C-18 RP column (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 A mu m; Bellefonte, USA) using acetonitrile and water with 0.1 % formic acid (80:20, v/v) as a mobile phase in isocratic mode. A high-resolution Thermo Electron Corporation LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer (San Jose, USA) was used in single ion monitoring (SIM) mode using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) as an interface. The following extracted ion ranges ([M + H](+)) were monitored: m/z 267.14-267.16 for artemether, m/z 221.16-221.18 for dihydroartemisinin and m/z 283.14-283.16 for internal standard. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for artemether were 0.3 and 0.8 ng mL(-1), while for dihydroartemisinin were 0.2 and 0.6 ng mL(-1), respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the quantification of artemether and dihydroartemisinin in plasma samples of healthy volunteers participating in pharmacokinetic drug-food interaction studies.
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  • Reduced carbohydrate availability enhances exercise-induced p53 signaling in human skeletal muscle: implications for mitochondrial biogenesis

    Bartlett, Jonathan D.   Louhelainen, Jari   Iqbal, Zafar   Cochran, Andrew J.   Gibala, Martin J.   Gregson, Warren   Close, Graeme L.   Drust, Barry  

    Bartlett JD, Louhelainen J, Iqbal Z, Cochran AJ, Gibala MJ, Gregson W, Close GL, Drust B, Morton JP. Reduced carbohydrate availability enhances exercise-induced p53 signaling in human skeletal muscle: implications for mitochondrial biogenesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 304: R450-R458, 2013. First published January 30, 2013; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00498.2012.-The mechanisms that regulate the enhanced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity observed when training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability are currently unknown. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that reduced CHO availability enhances p53 signaling and expression of genes associated with regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and substrate utilization in human skeletal muscle. In a repeated-measures design, muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were obtained from eight active males before and after performing an acute bout of high-intensity interval running with either high (HIGH) or low CHO availability (LOW). Resting muscle glycogen (HIGH, 467 +/- 19; LOW, 103 +/- 9 mmol/kg dry wt) was greater in HIGH compared with LOW (P < 0.05). Phosphorylation (P-) of ACC(Ser79) (HIGH, 1.4 +/- 0.4; LOW, 2.9 +/- 0.9) and p53(Ser15) (HIGH, 0.9 +/- 0.4; LOW, 2.6 +/- 0.8) was higher in LOW immediately postexercise and 3 h postexercise, respectively (P < 0.05). Before and 3 h postexercise, mRNA content of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4, mitochondrial transcription factor A, cytochrome-c oxidase IV, and PGC-1 alpha were greater in LOW compared with HIGH (P < 0.05), whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 showed a trend toward significance (P = 0.09). However, only PGC-1 alpha expression was increased by exercise (P < 0.05), where three-fold increases occurred independently of CHO availability. We conclude that the exercise-induced increase in p53 phosphorylation is enhanced in conditions of reduced CHO availability, which may be related to upstream signaling through AMPK. Given the emergence of p53 as a molecular regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, such nutritional modulation of contraction-induced p53 activation has implications for both athletic and clinical populations.
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  • Job stress among community health workers: a multi-method study from Pakistan.

    Haq, Zaeem   Iqbal, Zafar   Rahman, Atif  

    BACKGROUND: In low income countries, the task of providing primary health care is often the responsibility of community health workers. In Pakistan, community workers called Lady Health Workers (LHW) deliver basic health care at the doorstep in the rural areas and urban slums. Evaluations show that it is a successful programme but point out inconsistencies in the quality of service provided. In order achieve this, it would be important to obtain the workers' viewpoint on their job-description, the problems they face and the levels of stress they encounter.METHODS: We conducted a multi-method study to investigate the aforementioned issues. All LHWs from one typical rural sub-district in Rawalpindi were surveyed. Focus group discussions with a sub-set of these workers were also conducted.RESULTS: About a quarter of the LHWs were found to have significant occupational stress. Factors associated with stress included having low socio-economic status and having to travel long distances for work. Inconsistent medical supplies, inadequate stipends, lack of career structure and not being equipped to communicate effectively with families were the main factors for job dissatisfaction among these workers.RECOMMENDATIONS: Improvement in remuneration, better administration of supplies and a structured career path should be ensured for better performance of community health workers. In addition, communication skills learning should be an essential part of their training programme.
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  • Vibrations of functionally graded cylindrical shells based on elastic foundations

    Shah, Abdul Ghafar   Mahmood, Tahir   Naeem, Muhammad N.   Iqbal, Zafar   Arshad, Shahid H.  

    In this paper, a study on the vibrations of functionally graded cylindrical shells based on the Winkler and Pasternak foundations is presented. The shell equations are amended by inducting the moduli of the Winkler and Pasternak foundations. The wave propagation method is employed to solve the shell dynamical equations. The method is based on the approximate eigenvalues of characteristic beam functions. The validity and accuracy of the present approach are verified by a number of comparisons.
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  • An Image From the Dark Side of the Stomach

    Eiseman, Marc S.   Iqbal, Zafar   Markan, Sandeep   Pagel, Paul S.  

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  • Ru‐Catalyzed O‐H Insertion of Sulfoxonium Ylide and Carboxylic Acid to Synthesize α‐Acyloxy Ketones

    Mu, Yangxiu   Chen, Yongxin   Gao, Yuanyu   Sun, Jian   Iqbal, Zafar   Wan, Yaya   Yang, Minghua   Yang, Zhixiang   Tang, Dong  

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  • Small ruminant resistance against gastrointestinal nematodes: a case of Haemonchus contortus

    Jabbar, Abdul   Sarwar, Muhammad   Iqbal, Zafar   Muhammad, Ghulam   Nisa, Mahrun   Shahzad, Aasif  

    Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a common constraint to small ruminant industry throughout the world, and among those, haemonchosis has its own significance. Control of GIN primarily relies on the use of anthelmintics, but this approach has become less reliable due to the development of resistance in GINs against commonly used anthelmintics and an increased consumer demand for environmentally friendly animal products. These issues have stimulated investigations to find alternative sustainable control strategies, which are less reliant on anthelmintic input. One of such strategies is breeding of small ruminants for their resistance to the GINs. The susceptibility and resistance of animals to GIN infections varies within and between breeds. Various parasitological, biochemical and immunological parameters are employed to evaluate natural resistance status of animals both in natural pasture and artificial infections. The immune mechanisms responsible for resistance are not completely understood, but it has a significant effect in inherited resistance. Relatively resistant or tolerant animals show better local and generalised immune response as compared to susceptible. Immune response against GINs is influenced by many physiological factors. Determination of specific genes linked with host resistance will provide a valuable approach to find out the molecular mechanism of host resistance to GINs. Resistance has been reported to reduce pasture contamination, which in turn reduces re-infection and thus the requirement of the frequent anthelmintic treatments. The efficiency of control can be increased through objective and accurate identification of genetically tolerant individuals by natural and artificial infections with GINs. Complete resistance is the ultimate solution, but this has generally been ignored as a commercial reality. This paper reviews the published reports on natural resistance in small ruminants and discusses the prospects of developing small ruminants, which could be resistant to GINs.
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  • Vibration characteristics of FGM circular cylindrical shells using wave propagation approach

    Iqbal, Zafar   Naeem, Muhammad N.   Sultana, Nazra  

    In this paper, the wave propagation approach is employed to study the vibration characteristics of functionally graded material circular cylindrical shells. Axial modal dependence is approximated by exponential functions. This is a very simple and easily applicable technique. This avoids a large amount of algebraic manipulations. A theoretical analysis of shell natural frequencies are conducted for various boundary conditions. Validity and accuracy of the present method are confirmed by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. A good agreement is observed between the two sets of the results.
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  • A Cavity in the Left Ventricular Outflow Tract: A Disastrous Consequence of Tooth Decay?

    Young, Mandy   Markan, Sandeep   Hansen, Thomas N.   Iqbal, Zafar   Nicolosi, Alfred C.   Pagel, Paul S.  

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  • A widened mediastinum in a patient with a left parasternal stab wound

    Iqbal, Zafar   Gandhi, Sweeta D.   Markan, Sandeep   Nicolosi, Alfred C.   Pagel, Paul S.  

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  • Rapid CE-UV binding tests of environmentally hazardous compounds with polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles

    Iqbal, Zafar   Alsudir, Samar   Miah, Musharraf   Lai, Edward P. C.  

    Hazardous compounds and bacteria in water have an adverse impact on human health and environmental ecology. Polydopamine (or polypyrrole)-coated magnetic nanoparticles and polymethacrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate submicron particles were investigated for their fast binding kinetics with bisphenol A, proflavine, naphthalene acetic acid, and Escherichia coli. A new method was developed for the rapid determination of % binding by sequential injection of particles first and compounds (or E. coli) next into a fused-silica capillary for overlap binding during electrophoretic migration. Only nanolitre volumes of compounds and particles were sufficient to complete a rapid binding test. After heterogeneous binding, separation of the compounds from the particles was afforded by capillary electrophoresis. % binding was influenced by applied voltage but not current flow. In-capillary coating of particles affected the % binding of compounds.
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  • Structural,magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of CoFe2-xMoxO4 (0.0 <= x <= 0.3) ferrites

    Khan, Aroosha A.   Hira, Uzma   Iqbal, Zafar   Usman, Muhammad   Sher, Falak  

    We have investigated structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of CoFe2-xMoxO4 (0.0 <= x <= 0.3) ferrites. Polycrystalline samples were prepared by the sol gel method and characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns show that all samples have a cubic spinel structure and the lattice parameter, a, decreases monotonically with increase in Mo concentration. Scanning electron micrographs indicate that most of the particles are in the range of 400-850 nm size. Magnetic measurements, performed by using a cryogen free vibrating sample magnetometer, show that these samples are soft ferromagnets in the measured temperature range. The saturation magnetization, M-s, values of Mo-doped samples are larger than the parent compound with a maximum value of similar to 106 emu/g for x=0.2 sample. The magnetic entropy change (-Delta S) increases with increase in applied magnetic field and shows a peak in the vicinity of blocking temperature. A maximum value of 0.56 J kg(-1) K-1 at 5 T field has been observed for x=0.2 sample.
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  • Impact of hydroxy and octyloxy substituents of phenothiazine based dyes on the photovoltaic performance

    Iqbal, Zafar   Wu, Wu-Qiang   Zhang, Hai   Hua, Peng-Li   Fang, Xiaoming   Kuang, Dai-Bin   Wang, Lingyun   Meier, Herbert   Cao, Derong  

    Two novel organic dyes containing hydroxy and octyloxy substituents onto a phenothiazine skeleton were synthesized and their effects on the photovoltaic performance were studied. Hydroxy acts as an ancillary anchoring unit along with the carboxylic group, while the phenothiazine modified moiety acts as an electron donor. The photophysical and electrochemical studies revealed that maximum absorbance of the dye with the hydroxy group in the solution was blue shifted and its band gap increased, indicating that donor acceptor strength was reduced as compared to the octyloxy substituted dye. Furthermore, electron lifetime of the organic dye with the hydroxy moiety was shorter due to smaller resistance of electron recombination. Contrarily the dye with octyloxy moiety exhibited higher electron lifetime and open-circuit photovoltage leading to an overall power conversion efficiency of 6.32% under standard AM 1.5G illumination. The IPCE was over 80% in the region between 450 and 500 nm. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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