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Now showing items 161 - 176 of 233

  • International accounting: A global perspective: by M. Zafar Iqbal, Trini U. Melcher and Amin A. Elmallah, South-Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, 1997, 610 pp.

    Jill McKinnon  

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  • Anthelmintic activity of Swertia chirata against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep

    Iqbal, Zafar   Lateef, Muhammad   Khan, Muhammad Nisar   Jabbar, Abdul   Akhtar, Muhammad Shoaib  

    This paper describes in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activities of Swertia chirata. In vitro studies revealed that at 25 mg/ml (P >= 0.05) the crude aqueous (CAE) and methanolic extracts (CME) of S chirata whole plant showed an anthelmintic effect on live Haemonchus contortus. Moreover, in the in vivo study, the whole plant of S. chirata administered as crude powder (Cl?), CAE and CME at the dose of 3 g/kg to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes, showed a significant reduction in egg per gram of faeces. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • A new species of Sasajiscymnus Vandenberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Pakistan 

    IQBAL, ZAFAR   NASIR, MUHAMMAD FAROOQ   BODLAH, IMRAN  

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  • Effect of ivermectin on the cellular and humoral immune responses of rabbits

    Sajid, Muhammad Sohail   Iqbal, Zafar   Muhammad, Ghulam   Sandhu, Mansur Abdullah   Khan, Muhammad Nisar   Saqib, Muhammad   Iqbal, Muhammad Umair  

    The objective of this paper is to determine the effect of ivermectin administration on cell mediated (CMI) and humoral immunity (HI) of rabbits. CMI against dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in rabbits was determined by delayed-type hypersensitivity and macrophage engulfment assay (MEA), respectively; whereas, HI to Pasteurella multocida B2 vaccine and SRBC was determined by indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA) and Jerne hemolytic plaque formation assay (JHPFA), respectively. The rabbits were divided into four major groups (A through D) each subdivided into four sub-groups (1 through 4). Rabbits of group A served as vehicle control while those of groups B, C and D were treated with ivermectin at the dose rates of 200 mu g/kg, 400 mu g/kg and 600 mu g/kg b.w., respectively. Cellular immunity was determined in sub-groups 1 and 2 through DNCB and MEA, respectively while HI was determined in sub-groups 3 and 4 through IHA and JHPFA, respectively. The skin sensitivity to DNCB at 24 and 48 h and macrophage engulfment of SRBC were highest (P > 0.05) in rabbits administered with 600 mu g/kg b.w. The highest geometric mean titers (14.00 +/- 0.31) and number of plaque forming units (1860 +/- 0.75) were found in rabbits that received ivermectin at a dose of 600 mu g/kg b.w. followed, in order by the groups that received 400 mu g/kg, 200 mu g/kg b.w. and controls. Leukocyte counts were significantly higher in ivermectin-treated groups (C and D) than group A (vehicle control) and B (ivermectin at the rate of 200 mu g/kg). A graded dose immune response suggested an immunopotentiating effect of ivermectin at higher doses. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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  • A preliminary passive surveillance of clinical diseases of cart pulling camels in Faisalabad metropolis (Pakistan)

    Muhammad, Ghulam   Jabbar, Abdul   Iqbal, Zafar   Athar, Muhammad   Saqib, Muhammad  

    We identified clinical disorders of all 200 city-dwelling cart pulling male camels attending the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during a 7-year period (1993-1999). Data were collected prospectively on a predesigned form and collated. Diagnoses of different diseases/disorders were based on clinical examination supplemented with relevant laboratory tests. A total of 463 entries of 34 different clinical diseases/disorders were recorded. Sarcoptic mange (35% of 200 camels) followed by anhidrosis (23%) and trypanosomosis (19%) were the three most frequently encountered disorders. The body system most often involved was the integument (31%) followed by gastrointestinal (21%), locomotory (12%), thermoregulatory (6%), blood (6%), urogenital (6%), lymphatic (3%), nervous (3%), respiratory (3%) and ocular (3%). (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • Development of polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots for Escherichia coli binding test

    Iqbal, Zafar   Lai, Edward P. C.   Avis, Tyler J.  

    A rapid binding test has been developed for the detection of bacteria using polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles. Polydopamine (PDA) can effectively act as a sorbent even in water solution, and a PDA coating on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was therefore prepared to bind Escherichia coli (E. coli). Albeit non-selective, PDA-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs@PDA) show nearly 100% efficiency in binding E. coli. If E. coli, grown in tryptic soy broth medium, is analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using phosphate buffer as the background electrolyte, two peaks are found, while a single peak is found with carbonate buffer containing 0.05% of poly(ethylene glycol). Self-polymerization of dopamine on E. coli at pH 9.5 is also feasible. The detection of E. coli is demonstrated by adding quantum dots (QDs) to form a QDs-PDA-E. coli aggregate for better CE analysis.
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  • Ketamine Attenuates Delirium After Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass

    Hudetz, Judith A.   Patterson, Kathleen M.   Iqbal, Zafar   Gandhi, Sweeta D.   Byrne, Alison J.   Hudetz, Anthony G.   Warltier, David C.   Pagel, Paul S.  

    Objective: To determine if ketamine attenuates postoperative delirium concomitant with an anti-inflammatory effect in patients undergoing cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Design: A prospective randomized study. Setting: A Veterans Affairs medical center. Participants: Cardiac surgical patients. Interventions: Patients at least 55 years of age randomly received placebo (0.9% saline, n = 29) or an intravenous bolus of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously, n = 29) during anesthetic induction in the presence of fentanyl and etomidate. Measurements and Main Results: Delirium was assessed by using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist before and after surgery. Serum C-reactive protein concentrations were determined before and 1 day after surgery. The incidence of postoperative delirium was lower (p = 0.01, Fisher exact test) in patients receiving ketamine (3%) compared with placebo (31%). Postoperative C-reactive protein concentration was also lower (p < 0.05) in the ketamine-treated patients compared with the placebo-treated patients. The odds of developing postoperative delirium were greater for patients receiving placebo compared with ketamine treatment (odds ratio = 12.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-107.5; logistic regression). Conclusions: After cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass, ketamine attenuates postoperative delirium concomitant with an anti-inflammatory effect. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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  • Near total eclipse of the aortic valve: an echocardiographic penumbra caused by a mechanical mitral valve prosthesis and its clinical implications.

    Vandrovec, Sara M   Butler, Elizabeth G   May, Judith A   Iqbal, Zafar   Gandhi, Sweeta D   Nicolosi, Alfred C   Pagel, Paul S  

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  • Self-service technology and online financial service choice

    Ding, Xin   Verma, Rohit   Iqbal, Zafar  

    Purpose - The application of self-service technology in transaction-based e-service (e.g. online financial services) creates a challenge for firms: what combination of features should they offer to satisfy needs from different customer segments? This paper seeks to address the above question by highlighting similarities and differences of consumer preferences among self-service, hybrid service and professional service segments for online financial services. Design/methodology/approach - This study employs a. web-based discrete choice experiment, in which 1,319 consumers were offered different account alternatives, which include features for self-service and professional assistance, price per transaction, and promotion offers. Findings - The results demonstrate that overall, consumer preferences for features of online financial services differ across segments. Moreover, with the variation in the strength of self-reliance, interesting trends regarding the relative importance of features are observed. With the given customer segments, this study also identifies several demographic features with significant effects on the choice of service alternatives through a multinomial logistic model. Originality/value - The authors believe that these results have both managerial and research implications for design and operations strategy formulation for online financial services.
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  • EFFECT OF CLOPIDOGREL ON THE HYDROXYLATION AND SULFOXIDATION OF OMEPRAZOLE:A SINGLE DOSE STUDY IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS

    Ahmad, Lateef   Iqbal, Zafar   Nazir, Shabnam   Khan, Abad   Shah, Yasar   Khan, Muhammad Imran   Khan, Ismail   Khan, Amjad  

    Based upon the known potential interaction between omeprazole (OMP) and clopidogrel (CLOP), the current study was designed to evaluate the effect of CLOP on disposition of OMP and its two major metabolites, 5-hy-droxyomeprazole (5-OH-OMP) and omeprazole sulfone (OMP-S) in healthy clinical subjects. A randomized, open label, 2-period, crossover study was designed. Twelve volunteers were selected, of whom eight were extensive metabolizers (EM) of CYP2C19 and 4 were poor metabolizers (PM). They received single dose of OMP either alone or in combination with CLOP (single dose) and samples were collected periodically to calculate various pharmacokinetic parameters. Changes in most of the pharmacokinetic parameters of OMP, 5-OH-OMP and OMP-S were insignificant (P > 0.05) both in EM and PM except for the maximum concentration (Cmax) of 5-OH-OMP and OMP-S in EM. The OMP Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) was increased both in EM and PM after concomitant administration of OMP with CLOP. The 5-OH-OMP Cmax was decreased in both EM and PM, demonstrating that CLOP inhibits hydroxylation of OMP. The OMP-S Cmax and AUC(0-infinity) were increased both in EM and PM showing that CLOP may induce sulfoxidation of OMP. It was concluded that CLOP may inhibit hydroxylation of OMP to a greater extent in EM than in PM, leading to higher OMP Cmax and AUC(0-infinity). Furthermore, the sulfoxidation of OMP may also be induced by CLOP. So, it is suggested that both these drugs should be carefully prescribed together to avoid any harm to the patients.
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  • STIXGEN - A novel framework for Automatic Generation of Structured Cyber Threat Information

    Iqbal, Zafar   Anwar, Zahid   Mumtaz, Rafia  

    A large number of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are being launched by nation-states, organizations and individuals within and across borders. It has been observed that APTs launched against an organization subsequently succeeded with high probability against other similar organizations. Therefore, it has become a need of the time that organizations accumulate and share Cyber Threat Information (CTI) with peers in a structured form for timely prevention and recovery of an attack. Although a large volume of cyber threat data is available on different security blogs, however this data is mostly distributed and unstructured. Presently, there is a lack of easy to use frameworks, which produce and share CTI in a structured form. Furthermore, publicly available structured data is sparse and is mostly redundant, irrelevant and erroneous. Ironically, no method has yet been devised to generate the distinct, meaningful and error-free structured data from text. In this regard, we used the standard "Structured Threat Information eXpression (STIX)". Although, STIX is a comprehensive effort, it is slow in adoption. This is due to a largely manual STIX generation process, which is naturally difficult and produces errors. We take all these deficits as a barrier in STIX utilization and these shortcomings have become a motivation for our research work. We not only proposed the STIXGEN framework, but also developed its prototype for a proof of concept. We perform evaluation of our proposed solution in terms of accuracy and effectiveness. At first, we collected different text reports, generated their STIXs via online tools and by using STIXGEN, then we compared and shared their results with domain experts. It was found that our proposed solution's results are better than other tools and are distinct, threat relevant, and error-free. Subsequently, we presented a comparative analysis of the features provided by different STIX generator tools. At the end, we provide a comprehensive STIX dataset of APTs launched against renowned industries on github, so that researchers and analysts can use it for their research.
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  • In vitro and in vivo efficacies of ivermectin and cypermethrin against the cattle tick Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae)

    Sajid, Muhammad S.   Iqbal, Zafar   Khan, Muhammad N.   Muhammad, Ghulam  

    This study investigated the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and cypermethrin pour-on, for the treatment of Hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum infestations in bovines. For examining acaricidal efficacy, 480 ticks were exposed in vitro to graded doses of both the acaricides and in vivo efficacy was examined in 360 tick-infested bovines treated at the recommended doses of ivermectin (IVM) and cypermethrin (CYM) pour-on. The comparative quantitative assessment of tick burden was done on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 after treatment using "finger counting." The results of the tick survival assay indicated both compounds were effective in vitro against H. a. anatolicum. The arc transformed mean surviving ticks, 24 h post immersion, was 2.66 and zero in groups treated with the highest dilutions of IVM and CYM, respectively. At 15 days post-treatment, the CYM pour-on showed a higher in vivo efficacy (no surviving ticks) compared to IVM (mean of 20 surviving ticks). A single dose of CYM and IVM was found effective for 20 and 15 days post-treatment, respectively. Additionally, a questionnaire was used to gather information from 30 small holder dairy farms on the farmer's approach toward the control of ticks. The majority (90%) of respondents were using acaricides incorrectly along with poor husbandry practices on their farms. Overuse of IVM in the tested area of Pakistan may be the reason the IVM is not as effective as expected. These results provide useful tools for the decision making in tick control, as well as providing the basis for testing the findings on provincial and national levels in future studies.
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  • Acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management: the state of play.

    Abbas, Rao Z   Zaman, Muhammad Arfan   Colwell, Douglas D   Gilleard, John   Iqbal, Zafar  

    Cattle ticks are an important constraint on livestock production, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas. Use of synthetic acaricides is the primary method of tick control; therefore, it would be imperative to develop strategies to preserve the efficacy of existing acaricides. This paper summarizes the status of acaricide resistance in cattle ticks from different parts of the world and reviews modes of action of currently used acaricides, mechanism of resistance development, contributory factors for the development and spread of resistance, management of resistant strains and strategies to prolong the effect of the available acaricides. Use of vaccines, synthetic and botanical acaricides and educating farmers about recommended tick control practices are discussed, along with the integration of currently available options for the management of drug resistance and, ultimately, the control of cattle ticks. Copyright =C2=A9 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • Microwave-induced controlled purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes without sidewall functionalization

    Chen, Yuhong   Iqbal, Zafar   Mitra, Somenath  

    A microwave-induced controlled method for the purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by removing residual metal catalysts and carbonaceous impurities is reported. Compared to conventional strong acid treatment, this one-step method uses dilute acids and complexing agents and reduces the reaction times to the order of minutes. Furthermore, the SWCNTs retain their chemical and physical properties and are not functionalized. Electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry studies were used to characterize the purified SWCNTs.
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  • Dominant Factors in the Network Domain that Influence the QoE of an IPTV Service

    Hussain, Syed   Harris, Richard   Punchihewa, Amal   Iqbal, Zafar  

    This paper presents an analysis of the effects of multiple Quality of Experience (QoE) parameters applicable to the Network domain. The aim was to investigate the best candidate parameters for model development. The Taguchi orthogonal array method was used to achieve this aim by enabling a reduction in the number of trials required in our experiments whilst maintaining accuracy of the results. This method provided us with an analysis technique to identify the most and least influential parameters for QoE. We were also able to find relationships between these different parameters. The Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method was used to verify the results obtained by the Taguchi method. We conclude that packet reorder, jitter and packet loss are the most important parameters. These parameters are almost equally important for perceptive video quality. Packet reordering emerges as the most influential parameter but statistically all three are equal. Delay was found to be the least influential parameter. Overall perceptual quality is generally adversely affected by network parameters than content domain parameters.
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  • Genetic improvement of Citrus for disease resistance

    Iqbal, Zafar   Shahzad, Muhammad  

    Progress in the genetic improvement of Citrus species was reviewed. Tools used for the genetic improvement of Citrus were categorised as conventional (introduction, selection and hybridisation) and non-conventional methods (mutation, somatic cell hybridisation and genetic engineering) of improvement. Genes linked with the disease resistance were characterised and tagged through molecular marker techniques such as Sequenced Characterised Amplified Region and Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences. Disease resistance genes showed both monogenic and polygenic inheritance. Conventional methods for disease resistance improvement of Citrus were bottleneck due to inadequate and lengthy breeding procedures. However, non-conventional methods, such as mutation breeding and protoplast fusion, have been routinely utilised for the production of disease resistant germplasm while novel genes from variable sources were used to transform Citrus species to induce resistance against diseases. These non-conventional techniques have been shown to overcome the disadvantages of conventional breeding procedures and could be regarded as rapid methods of genetic improvement as well as helpful to overcome the interspecies barrier.
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