Muhammad, Gulzar
Hussain, Muhammad Ajaz
Ashraf, Muhammad Umer
Haseeb, Muhammad Tahir
Hussain, Syed Zajif
Hussain, Irshad
Herein, we have evaluated a polysaccharide, glucuronoxylan, isolated from the seeds of Mimosa pudica (MP) for its water holding capacity, pH and salt responsive swelling-deswelling behavior, and sustained drug release. The MP hydrogel (MPH) has shown a high water retention capacity. The MPH exhibited negligible swelling at pH 1.2 while high swelling was observed at pH 6.8, 7.4 and in deionized water which follows second order kinetics, whereas the MPH deswells in NaCl and KCl solutions and ethanol. The presence of interconnected macropores with an average diameter of 62.94 mm was revealed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of a swollen then freeze dried sample of MPH. Furthermore, the MPH was explored as a sustained release material for a tablet formulation of diclofenac sodium. The drug release mechanism from the MPH containing tablet formulation was found to be super case-II transport. The results have indicated that the MPH could be a potential candidate for sustained release formulations.
Rashid, Umer
Rehman, Hafiz Abdul
Hussain, Irshad
Ibrahim, Muhammad
Haider, Muhammad Sajjad
Methanolysis of muskmelon seed oil was optimized employing RSM (response surface methodology). Four process variables were evaluated at two levels: methanol/oil molar ratio (3:1-12:1), catalyst concentration in relation to oil mass (0.25-1.25 wt % KOH), reaction temperature (25-65 degrees C) and methanolysis reaction time (20-90 min). Multiple regression analysis was employed to get the quadratic polynomial equation for predicting transesterification using RSM. The result indicated that catalyst concentration and reaction temperature were the important factors that significantly affect the yield of MMOMEs (muskmelon oil methyl esters)/biodiesel. The RSM methodology was used to obtain methyl esters yield (89.5%) were found at following reaction conditions; 5.8:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 0.79% catalyst concentration, 55 degrees C reaction temperature and 72.5-min reaction time. There was a linear correlation between observed and predicted values. The biodiesel was analyzed using GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry) which indicated four FAMEs (fatty acid methyl esters) (linoleic-, oleic-, palmitic- and stearic acids) as its major components. The FT-IR (fourier transform infraRed) spectrum of MMOMEs was also acquired to ensure the confirmation of methyl esters formation. Fuel properties of MMOMEs were determined and found to satisfy the ASTM D 6751 and EU 14214 specifications. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hussain, Irshad
Wang, Zhenxin
Cooper, Andrew I.
Brust, Mathias
Stable suspensions of size-uniform spherical assemblies of 5-8 nm gold colloids in toluene are readily obtained by cross linking the colloidal particles using alkanedithiols within a defined range of gold-dithiol rnolar ratios. The assemblies are very stable and remain suspended in toluene for several months without significant aggregation. These porous gold spheres can be further organized into hierarchically assembled relatively linear chains by the addition of ethanol.
Hussain, Irshad
Piepenbrink, Michael S
Dietert, Rodney R
The developing immune system is particularly sensitive to lead-induced immunotoxicity, but in some models, genders can differ in lead-induced immunotoxicity. Using an avian in ovo model of lead-induced T-helper disruption, the ability of in ovo administered lead and testosterone to alter thymocyte maturation among female embryos was investigated. On embryonic day (E) 8, Cornell K-strain embryos were given either testosterone (12.5 microg/egg in ethanol) or 15% ethanol in 100 microl volume. The groups then received either lead acetate (200 microg/egg) or sodium acetate (control) on E 12 of incubation. On E 20, thymocytes from 4-5 female embryos per group were analyzed by flow cytometry for cell surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8, TCR1, and TCR2. Lead alone did not induce any appreciable changes among the cell populations measured in this study. However, when testosterone treatment was followed by lead (testosterone + lead), there was a significant increase in CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells compared with either control or lead treatment groups. Testosterone, either by itself or in combination with lead, significantly reduced the percentage of cells with the CD4+CD8- phenotype when compared to the lead alone group. No change was detected with respect to the CD4-CD8+, CD4-CD8-, TCR1+, and TCR2+ phenotypes following any treatment. Therefore, sex hormonal balance in early life appears to influence the manner in which the developing thymus responds to the heavy metal lead.
Hussain, Irshad
Hussain, Nisar
Manan, Abdul
Rashid, Abdur
Khan, Barkat
Bakhsh, Sattar
Background: Vitiligo is a repugnant and odious dermatological malady of the time. It has an detrimental impact on the pigmentation of the human skin as a result of the destruction of cutaneous melanocytes. It affects 1%-2% of the population worldwide. Different therapeutic regimens have been deployed to treat vitiligo, but none of them could stand alone to be stated as a perfect cure. Recently, a change has been observed through novel experimental-designed optimization leading to the development of an anti-vitiligo ointment containing Psoralea corylifolia (PC) seed powder. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the clinical outcomes of ointment containing powdered seeds of PC. Materials and methods: Guided by the protocol Response Surface Methodology, 13 formulations of concentration variance of permeation enhancers were prepared. The formulation fulfilling the required criteria (pH; temperature stability tests at 8 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C, 25 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C and 40 degrees C +/- 0.1 degrees C; and the physical properties such as color, bleeding and rheology) was selected for clinical trials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies of seed powder of PC and selected formulation of the seed powder were performed. After obtaining informed consents and with prior approval of university and hospital ethical review boards, 20 patients (age range 25-65 years) were included in the present study. Formulations were applied on the affected body parts of patients, and some affected portion of the same patient was taken as control (self-control study design). The pigmentation of white spots of vitiligo was photographically evaluated before, during and after 12 weeks of treatment. Analysis of the measured values was performed using GraphPad Prism version 5 statistical software. A paired sample t-test was performed to observe variation between repigmented patches and white patches of self-control. Results: Hydrophilic ointment (10% w/w) prepared with seed powder of PC was fabricated. The ointment was found effective for small circular white lesions of vitiligo as compared to self-control. Pre-and post-treatment differences in the levels of pigmentation were statistically significant (P <=3D 0.05). Conclusion: Ointment containing seed powder of PC could be an effective monotherapy for small circular white lesions of vitiligo.
Sohail, Muhammad Farhan
Rehman, Mubashar
Sarwar, Hafiz Shoaib
Naveed, Sara
Salman, Omer
Bukhari, Nadeem Irfan
Hussain, Irshad
Webster, Thomas J
Shahnaz, Gul
The oral delivery of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs is challenging due to low bioavailability, gastrointestinal side effects, first-pass metabolism and P-glycoprotein efflux pumps. Thus, chemotherapeutic drugs, including Docetaxel, are administered via an intravenous route, which poses many disadvantages of its own. Recent advances in pharmaceutical research have focused on designing new and efficient drug delivery systems for site-specific targeting, thus leading to improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. A decent number of studies have been reported for the safe and effective oral delivery of Docetaxel. These nanocarriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, hybrid nanoparticles, dendrimers and so on, have shown promising results in research papers and clinical trials. The present article comprehensively reviews the research efforts made so far in designing various advancements in the oral delivery of Docetaxel. Different strategies to improve oral bioavailability, prevent first-pass metabolism and inhibition of efflux pumping leading to improved pharmacokinetics and anticancer activity are discussed. The final portion of this review article presents key issues such as safety of nanomaterials, regulatory approval and future trends in nanomedicine research.=20
This study focused on to examine prevalence of nomophobia among university students; and the relationship among nomophobia, self-esteem, loneliness and self happiness with respect to gender and year of study of the university students in Pakistan and Turkey. The study subjects consisted of 729 students 368 (50.5%) of which were from Turkey and 361 (49.5%) from Pakistan. The data were collected by using Nomophobia Scale (NMP-Q), UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-8), Self-Happiness Scale, and Rosenberg' Self-Esteem Scale by the researchers from Pakistan and Turkey respectively. The relationship and the effect of each psychological structure on nomophobia were examined with multiple linear regression model. The difference across the categories of independent variables on each of the dependent variables (loneliness, self happiness, self-esteem and nomophobia) and on linear combination of dependent variables for each country was examined by multivariate MANOVA. According to multivariate effects results, the main effect of gender on self-esteem and nomophobia was statistically significant which indicates that differences between male and female students with respect to self-esteem and nomophobia were significant. The study demonstrated differences between Turkish and Pakistani students' score on nomophobia, loneliness and self-happiness were significant, while difference on self-esteem across countries was not statistically significant.
Early detection of infection by the Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV; Carnivore amdoparvovirus 1) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) has important ramifications in virus eradication programs. A spleen homogenate containing a local isolate of AMDV was injected intraperitoneally into black (n =3D 44) and sapphire (n =3D 12) American mink (Neovison vison). Animals were euthanized 10 days postinoculation and anti-AMDV antibodies and AMDV DNA were tested in plasma and 7 organs by CIEP and PCR, respectively. Viral DNA was detected in the plasma, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and lung samples of all inoculated mink, but was not detected in some small intestine, kidney, and liver samples. In contrast, antibodies were detected in the plasma of 3 sapphire (25.0%) and 19 black (43.2%) mink but not in any of the organs. The sensitivity of the CIEP test on plasma samples was 39.3%, implying that low levels of antibodies during the early stages of virus exposure resulted in failure to detect infection by the CIEP test. We concluded that CIEP is not a reliable test for early detection of AMDV infection in mink and that there were considerable differences among mink of each color type for production of detectable levels of antibodies. PCR tests on samples of saliva, rectal swabs, and feces did not produce consistent and reliable results. =C2=A9 2015 The Author(s).
Amjad, Mishal
Iqbal, Maheen
Faisal, Amir
Junjua, Arshad Mahmood
Hussain, Irshad
Hussain, Syed Zajif
Ghramh, Hamed A.
Khan, Khalid Ali
Janjua, Hussnain Ahmed