Despite the robustness of the spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) and linguistic markedness of response codes (MARC) effect, the mechanisms that underlie these effects are still under debate. In this paper, we investigate the extraction of quantity information from German number words and nouns inflected for singular and plural using two alternative forced choice paradigms. These paradigms are applied to different tasks to investigate how access to quantity representation is modulated by task demands. In Experiment 1, we replicated previous SNARC findings for number words-that is, a relative left-hand advantage for words denoting small numbers and a right-hand advantage for words denoting large numbers in semantic tasks (parity decision and quantity comparison). No SNARC effect was obtained for surface or lexical processing tasks (font categorization and lexical decision). In Experiment 2, we found that German words inflected for singular had a relative left-hand advantage, and German words inflected for plural a relative right-hand advantage, showing a SNARC-like effect for grammatical number. The effect interfered, however, with a MARC-like effect based on the markedness asymmetry of singulars and plurals. These two effects appear to be dissociated by response latency rather than task demands, with MARC being more pronounced in early responses and SNARC being more pronounced in late responses. The present findings shed light on the relationship of conceptual number and grammatical number and constrain current accounts of the SNARC and MARC effects. =20
The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence that the Army has not correctly resized the aviation maintenance structure to support transformed aviation units; that the process used to determine current personnel requirements based upon Manpower Requirements Criteria (MARC) data is flawed; and that base line MARC data needs to be revised to correctly reflect the man-power required to properly maintain the OPTEMPO of today s combat aviation brigade. This paper will demonstrate how the methodology used to develop the logic to support this conclusion was based on background issues that lead to increased usage of contract maintenance personnel. That analysis will be followed by a discussion of the MARC process; to include what the process is and how it was developed, examples of the disparities of its usage, and recommendations to improve the MARC data collection process. Finally, the paper will discuss the issues relating to the cost effectiveness of soldier maintainers versus the use of contract maintainers.
Ivanovic, Dragan
Milosavljevic, Gordana
Milosavljevic, Branko
Surla, Du?an
Purpose - Entering data about published research results should be implemented as a web application that enables authors to input their own data without the knowledge of the bibliographic standard. The aim of this research is to develop a research management system based on a bibliographic standard and to provide data exchange with other research management systems based on the Common European Research Information Format (CERIF) data model. Design/methodology/approach - Object-oriented methodology was used for information system modelling. The modelling was carried out using the computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tool that supports the Unified Modelling Language 2.0 (UML 2.0). The implementation was realised using a set of open-source solutions written in Java. Findings - The result is a system for managing data about published research results. The main system features are the following: public access via the web; authors input data about their own publications by themselves; data about publications are stored in the MARC 21 format; and the user interface enables authors to input data without the knowledge of the MARC 21 format. Research limitations/implications - A method of verifying accuracy of entered data has not been considered yet. It is necessary to allow authorised persons to verify the accuracy of the data. After verifying the accuracy the authors cannot change the data. Practical implications - This software system has been verified and tested on data about published results of researchers employed at the University of Novi Sad in Serbia. This system can be used for evaluation and reporting on scientific research results, generating bibliographies of researchers, research groups and institutions etc. Originality/value - A part of the research management system for entering data about authors and published results is implemented. Data about publications are stored in a bibliographic format and authors can input data about their own publications without the knowledge of the bibliographic standard. The main feature of the system architecture is mutual independence of the component for interaction with users and the component for persisting and retrieving data from the bibliographic records database.