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Biochar As Plant Growth Promoter: Better Off Alone or Mixed with Organic Amendments?

Abstract(summary):

Biochar is nowadays largely used as a soil amendment and is commercialized worldwide. However; in temperate agro-ecosystems the beneficial effect of biochar on crop productivity is limited; with several studies reporting negative crop responses. In this work; we studied the effect of 10 biochar and 9 not pyrogenic organic amendments (NPOA); using pure and in all possible combinations on lettuce growth (Lactuca sativa). Organic materials were characterized by 13C-CPMAS NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (pH; EC; C; N; C/N and H/C ratios). Pure biochars and NPOAs have variable effects; ranging from inhibition to strong stimulation on lettuce growth. For NPOAs; major inhibitory effects were found with N poor materials characterized by high C/N and H/C ratio. Among pure biochars; instead; those having a low H/C ratio seem to be the best for promoting plant growth. When biochars and organic amendments were mixed; non-additive interactions; either synergistic or antagonistic; were prevalent. However; the mixture effect on plant growth was mainly dependent on the chemical quality of NPOAs; while biochar chemistry played a secondary role. Synergisms were prevalent when N rich and lignin poor materials were mixed with biochar. On the contrary; antagonistic interactions occurred when leaf litter or woody materials were mixed with biochar. Further research is needed to identify the mechanisms behind the observed non-additive effects and to develop biochar-organic amendment combinations that maximize plant productivity in different agricultural systems.


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