Electronic excitation and injection of Ru-N3 dye anchored to TiO₂ surface

Author:

Zhiang Wang  Ming-Gang Ju  WanZhen Liang  

Journal:

Computational and Theoretical Chemistry

Issue Date:

2016

Abstract(summary):

Graphical abstract Abstract A step-by-step theoretical protocol based on the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) has been performed to study a Ruthenium polypyridyl complex named cis-dithiocyanatobis-(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) (N3) sensitized TiO 2 solar cell including dye excitations and electronic injection. Three binding structures of N3 anchored to a TiO 2 nanoparticle (TiO 2 ) 38 have been adopted. The electronic structures and optical properties of N3 dye in gas phase, in solutions (with the explicit and implicit solvent models), and interfaced with TiO 2 have been calculated. The hybrid DFT exchange-correlation (XC) functional B3LYP and PBE0, the newly-modified PBE0 functional PBE0-1/3, and the long-range corrected DFT (LRC-DFT) XC functional Cam-B3LYP have been applied. It is found that both the DFT XC functionals and molecular environments play a crucial role on molecular properties, which affect both the spectral lineshapes and peak positions. Coupled with PCM model, TD-PBE0-1/3 produces the best result compared with the experimental spectrum of N3 in CH 2 Cl 2 , TD-B3LYP slightly underestimates the excitation energies, and TD-Cam-B3LYP overestimates the excitation energies of 0.4–0.5 eV. As the solvent polarity increases, the electronic absorption spectra of N3 dye blue shift. The absorption manners of N3 anchored to (TiO 2 ) 38 affect the electronic excitations, leading to different electronic injection pathways. Two of three anchoring manners favor the interfacial electronic transfer. In the end, three possible electronic injection pathways from the different parts of the excited dye to TiO 2 nanoparticle have been suggested, indicating the different timescales of electron injections.

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