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Now showing items 129 - 144 of 195

  • Energy Release of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk Earthquake and Deep Slab Stress Heterogeneity

    Ye, L.   Lay, T.   Kanamori, H.   Koper, K. D.  

    Earth's deepest earthquakes occur in subducting oceanic lithosphere, where temperatures are lower than in ambient mantle. On 24 May 2013, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake ruptured a 180-kilometer-long fault within the subducting Pacific plate about 609 kilometers below the Sea of Okhotsk. Global seismic P wave recordings indicate a radiated seismic energy of similar to 1.5 x 10(17) joules. A rupture velocity of similar to 4.0 to 4.5 kilometers/second is determined by back-projection of short-period P waves, and the fault width is constrained to give static stress drop estimates (similar to 12 to 15 megapascals) compatible with theoretical radiation efficiency for crack models. A nearby aftershock had a stress drop one to two orders of magnitude higher, indicating large stress heterogeneity in the deep slab, and plausibly within the rupture process of the great event.
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  • Expression of Wnt5a in tooth germs and the related signal transduction analysis

    Peng, L.   Dong, G.   Xu, P.   Ren, L. B.   Wang, C. L.   Aragon, Melissa   Zhou, X. D.   Ye, L.  

    Objective Wnt5a is generally considered a non-canonical Wnt family member and plays an important role in the development of several tissues through regulation of cell fate, proliferation, migration, polarity and death. This study investigates its expression mode in human tooth development and the involved cell signal transduction pathways, as they remain unclear. Design: The expression of Wnt5a was analyzed by immunohistochemistry method. Recombinant adenovirus encoding full-length Wnt5a cDNA was constructed to investigate four cell signal pathways and nine dentinogenesis nuclear transcription factors in response to Wnt5a in human dental papilla cells (HDPCs). Results: Immunostaining revealed that Wnt5a was expressed in enamel epithelium cells from the bud stage, and in odontoblast layers and dental papilla tissues from early bell stage of human tooth development onward. Western blot analysis indicated that p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK and AKT signal pathways could be phosphorylated by WNTSA. RT-PCR analysis showed that Wnt5a increased the expression of DLX1, DLX2, LEF1, MSX2, PAX9 and RUNX2 mRNA, but decreased BARX1 and PITX2 mRNA. Conclusions: it was concluded that WNT5A is expressed in human tooth development, and that p42/44 MAPK, p38 MAPK, JNK and AKT signal pathways and DLX1, DLX2, LEF1, MSX2, PAX9, RUNX2 could be activated by Wnt5a. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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  • Beyond RET: potential therapeutic approaches for advanced and metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma

    Santarpia, L.   Ye, L.  

    Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare calcitonin-producing neuroendocrine tumour that originates from the parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid gland. The RET proto-oncogene encodes the RET receptor tyrosine kinase, which has essential roles in cell survival, differentiation and proliferation. Activating mutations of RET are associated with the pathogenesis of MTC and have been demonstrated in nearly all hereditary and in 30-50% of sporadic MTC cases, making this receptor an excellent target for small-molecule inhibitors for this tumour. Clinical trials of small organic inhibitors of tyrosine kinase receptors (TKIs) targeting the RET receptor have shown efficacy for treatment of metastatic MTC with 30-50% of patients responding to these agents. Despite the importance of the RET receptor in MTC, it is clear that other signal transduction pathways, tyrosine kinase receptors, and tumour suppressor genes are involved in MTC tumourigenesis and progression. A better understanding of molecular cross-talk between these signal pathways and the RET receptor may lead to combinatorial therapy that will improve outcomes beyond what is currently possible with RET-directed TKIs. Finally, there is evidence that immunological-based therapy using dendritic cell vaccination strategies have been effective for reducing tumour mass in a small number of patients. The identification of additional MTC-specific tumour antigens and a better understanding of specific epitopes in these tumour antigens may lead to improvement of response rates.
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  • Dual effects of interleukin-18: inhibiting hepatitis B virus replication in HepG2.2.15 cells and promoting hepatoma cells metastasis (vol 301, pg G565, 2011)

    Zhang, Y.   Li, Y.   Ma, Y.   Liu, S.   She, Y.   Zhao, P.   Jing, M.   Han, T.   Yan, C.   Wu, Z.   Gao, J.   Ye, L.  

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  • Lamb wave-based quantitative identification of delamination in composite laminates

    Su, Z.   Ye, L.  

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  • Elevated semaphorin5A in systemic lupus erythematosus is in association with disease activity and lupus nephritis

    Du, Y.   Wu, X.   Chen, M.   Wang, W.   Xv, W.   Ye, L.   Wu, D.   Xue, J.   Sun, W.   Luo, J.   Wu, H.  

    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by extensive immune response, including over-activation of T and B cell development of pathogenic autoantibodies, organ damage induced by the formation and deposition of immune complex and the abnormal elevation of type I interferon. Semaphorin5A (Sema5A) is involved essentially in immune cell regulation and is also implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. We aimed to evaluate the role of Sema5A in patients with SLE. Serum levels of Sema5A were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 152 SLE patients and 48 healthy controls. The message ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of Sema5A and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17 (ADAM17) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 43 patients with SLE and 19 healthy controls were detected by the real-time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum Sema5A levels were increased significantly in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (P < 0001). Elevated levels of Sema5A were correlated positively with 24-h proteinuria excretion (r=3D0558, P < 00001), SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (r=3D0278, P=3D00006) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=3D0266, P=3D0002), but negatively with planet (PLT) (r=3D-0294, P=3D00003) and complement 3 (C3) (r=3D-0287, P=3D00004) in SLE patients. Patients with elevated Sema5A levels showed higher incidence of rash, serositis and nephritis (P < 005 or P < 0001). Patients with decreased PLT, C3 or positive for proteinuria also showed elevated Sema5A (P < 0001 or P < 005). The mRNA ADAM17 was increased in SLE patients and correlated positively with serum Sema5A levels. Our data demonstrated that elevated serum Sema5A in SLE patients correlated with disease activity and are involved in kidney and blood system damage; ADAM17 might be involved in the release of secreted Sema5A.
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  • Preparation of C8C12 α-olefins by the catalytic dehydration of primary alcohols : L. K. Freidlin, V. Z. Sharf, Ye. F. Litvin and Z. T. Tukhtamuradov, Neftekhimiya 3, No. 1, 10–12, 1963

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  • Addendum: Qian, C.; Fang, Q.; Wang, L.; Ye, G.Y. Molecular Cloning and Functional Studies of Two Kazal-Type Serine Protease Inhibitors Specifically Expressed by Nasonia vitripennis Venom Apparatus. Toxins 2015, 7, 2888–2905

    Qian, Cen; Fang, Qi; Wang, Lei; Ye, Gong-Yin  

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  • Lamentación, for Five-Part Chorus of Mixed Voices a cappellaby Juan Bautista Comes; Robert L. Goodale;Venite ad me (O Come Ye, Unto Me), for Solo Voices, Mixed Chorus, and Piano or Organby Marc-Antoine Charpentier; James P. Dunn;The Christmas Story, Op. 10, for Unaccompanied Choir and Soloistsby Hugo Distler; Maynard Klein

    Review by: Elwyn A. Wienandt  

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  • Development and external-validation of a nomogram for predicting the survival of hospitalised HIV/AIDS patients based on a large study cohort in western China

    Yuan, Z.   Zhou, B.   Meng, S.   Jiang, J.   Huang, S.   Lu, X.   Wu, N.   Xie, Z.   Deng, J.   Chen, X.   Liu, J.   Zhang, J.   Wu, F.   Liang, H.   Ye, L.  

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  • Arrhythmia and sudden death associated with elevated cardiac chloride channel activity

    Ye, L.   Zhu, W.   Backx, P. H.   Cortez, M. A.   Wu, J.   Chow, Y-H   Mckerlie, C.   Wang, A.   Tsui, L-C   Gross, G. J.   Hu, J.  

    The identification and analysis of several cationic ion channels and their associated genes have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmia. Our objective in this study was to examine the involvement of anionic ion channels in cardiac arrhythmia. We used a transgenic mouse model to overexpress the human cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. We used RNase protection and in situ hybridization assays to determine the level of CFTR expression, and radiotelemetry and in vivo electrophysiological study in combination with pharmacological intervention to analyse the cardiac function. Cardiac CFTR overexpression leads to stress-related sudden death in this model. In vivo intracardiac electrophysiological studies performed in anaesthetized mice showed no significant differences in baseline conduction parameters including atrial-His bundle (AH) or His bundle-ventricular (HV) conduction intervals, atrioventricular (AV) Wenckebach or 2:1 AV block cycle length and AV nodal functional refractory period. However, following isoproterenol administration, there was marked slowing of conduction parameters, including high-grade AV block in transgenic mice, with non-sustained ventricular tachycardia easily inducible using programmed stimulation or burst pacing. Our sudden death mouse model can be a valuable tool for investigation of the role of chloride channels in arrhythmogenesis and, potentially, for future evaluation of novel anti-arrhythmic therapeutic strategies and pharmacological agents.
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  • Induction of interferon-lambda contributes to Toll-like receptor-3-activated hepatic stellate cell-mediated hepatitis C virus inhibition in hepatocytes

    Wang, Y.   Li, J.   Wang, X.   Ye, L.   Zhou, Y.   Ho, W.  

    There is limited information about the role of hepatic stellate cells (HSC) in liver innate immunity against hepatitis C virus (HCV). We thus examined whether HSC can produce antiviral factors that inhibit HCV replication in human hepatocytes. HSC expressed functional Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR-3), which could be activated by its ligand, polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), leading to the induction of interferon- (IFN-) at both mRNA and protein levels. TLR-3 signalling of HSC also induced the expression of IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF-7), a key regulator of IFN signalling pathway. When HCV JFH-1-infected Huh7 cells were co-cultured with HSC activated with poly I:C or incubated in media conditioned with supernatant (SN) from poly I:C-activated HSC, HCV replication was significantly suppressed. This HSC SN action on HCV inhibition was mediated through IFN-, which was evidenced by the observation that antibody to IFN- receptors could neutralize the HSC-mediated anti-HCV effect. The role of IFN- in HSC-mediated anti-HCV activity is further supported by the observation that HSC SN treatment induced the expression of IRF-7 and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), OAS-1 and MxA in HCV-infected Huh7 cells. These observations indicate that HSC may be a key regulatory bystander, participating in liver innate immunity against HCV infection using an IFN--dependent mechanism.
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  • Fast Determination of Copper Content in Tobacco (Nicotina tabacum L.) Leaves Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy with Univariate and Multivariate Analysis

    Peng, J.   Ye, L.   Shen, T.   Liu, F.   Song, K.   He, Y.  

    Fast and effective measures to determine heavy metals play an important role in ensuring food quality and safety. In this experiment, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was used to detect copper content (Cu) in tobacco (Nicotina tabacum L.) leaves. The experimental parameters for detection, including laser energy, delay time, and camera gate width, were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, including partial least squares regression (PLSR) and extreme learning machine (ELM), were used to establish calibration models. In addition, different preprocessing methods were used to eliminate the signal variations and further improve the calibration performance, including baseline correction, background normalization, area normalization, and standard normal variate (SNV) normalization. The results showed that LIBS combined with both univariate and multivariate methods could be used to detect copper content in tobacco leaves. SNV and area normalization were efficient in dealing with signal variations and improving the calibration performance. The ELM model with SNV normalized variables in the spectral region of 324.02 to 325.98 nm achieved the best performance (R-2 =3D 0.9552 and RMSE =3D 4.8416 mg kg(-1) in the testing set). The results provide the first proof-of-principle data for fast determination of copper content in tobacco leaves.
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  • Les Caracteres [zhe], [zhi]...[ye],[suo]. Reponse a M. J. L. Pierson

    L. M. Mullie  

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  • Come All Ye Bold Minersby A. L. Lloyd

    Review by: Dave Arthur  

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  • On the origin of the concentration of interplanetary dust around the earth: Ye. L. Ruskol: (pp. 145–150).

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