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Now showing items 113 - 128 of 195

  • Ecosystem services must tackle anthropized ecosystems andecological engineering

    Barot, S.   Ye, L.   Abbadie, L.   Blouin, M.   Frascaria-Lacoste, N.  

    The notion of ecosystem service is meant to better link human societies to ecological systems and to serve has a tool for decision making. However, the notion has never been applied in a comprehensive and consistent way to anthropized ecosystems while most ecosystems are indeed anthropized. This means that in initiatives of ecosystem service assessment anthropized ecosystems are either neglected or their services assessed in a misleading way. For example, services from cultivated lands are usually valued through the value of the agricultural production, while this production highly depends on inputs (fertilizers, pesticides, non-renewable sources of energy) and human work that cannot be assimilated to ecological factors. Moreover, these practices have negative impacts such as the emission of greenhouse gases, nutrient leaching to other ecosystems or loss of soil fertility. Hence, we present here a general framework that could be used to assess the ecosystem services provided by anthropized ecosystems. This framework is based on the joint assessment of ecological services, disservices, losses of natural capital and impacts on other ecosystems. We show that this framework is required to assess different practices to manipulate an ecosystem, e.g. low- vs high-input agriculture, or different ecosystems with different levels of anthropization, e.g. manage forest vs. cropland. Indeed, ecosystems function in such a complex way that human manipulations and natural ecological processes are tightly intermingled so that services and disservices arising solely from ecological processes cannot be separated from the result of human manipulations. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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  • Marginal or segmental mandibulectomy:treatment modality selection for oral cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Gou, L.   Yang, W.   Qiao, X.   Ye, L.   Yan, K.   Li, L.   Li, C.  

    Surgery is the most well established mode of initial definitive treatment for the majority of oral cancers. The most important decision in terms of tumour ablation in oral cancers when the jaws are potentially involved is the management of the mandible. The aim of this study was to explore the differences in survival rate and disease control between patients undergoing marginal mandibulectomy and patients undergoing segmental mandibulectomy using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. A total of 15 cohort studies, including 1672 participants, were identified. Meta-analysis provided weak evidence in favour of segmental mandibulectomy for local control. Segmental mandibulectomy gave 73% better disease-free survival than marginal mandibulectomy when the marrow was invaded (P =3D 0.04). The overall survival rate was evaluated, and no statistically significant difference was found between the two different mandibulectomy approaches, although the results showed a trend in favour of segmental mandibulectomy which could increase the overall survival by 23%. Based on these findings regarding the survival rate and efficacy of disease control, this study indicates that a marginal mandibulectomy may be recommended for cases with no invasion or superficial invasion of the mandibular cortex, and a segmental mandibulectomy may be a more reasonable choice for patients with extensive mandibular cortex invasion or medullary invasion.
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  • Axial crushing of thin walled cylindrical shell with foam core RID A-3852-2011

    Ye, L.   Lu, G. X.  

    The structure of a thin walled tube filled with light weight foam has wide engineering applications because of its excellent energy absorption capacity. When the structure is axially crushed, the interactive effect between the tube and foam core becomes a critical design consideration. Previous theoretical studies so far have largely been concerned with fully in-filled tubes. In addition, the approach to quantitatively estimating the interactive effect is complex. To fill these gaps, a theoretical framework is established in this paper to predict the crushing behaviour of such structures with partial infill. Using the modified superfolding element model for shell and the volume reduction model for foam core, the mean crushing force is predicted through the energy method. As this formula relates the mean crushing force to the half plastic wavelength H, the interactive effect can be easily evaluated from the change of H.
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  • Evaluation of Mode-1 interlaminar fracture toughness for fibre-reinforced composites materials : Ye, L. Composites Science and Technology Vol 43 No 1 (1992) pp 49–54

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  • 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane, a solvent for the extraction of aromatic hydrocarbons from petroleum distillates: A. E. Shcherbina, Ye. I. Shcherbina, R. M. Dolinskaya, T. V. Bashun and L. M. Vinogradova, Neftekhimiya 25, No. 2, 249–254, 1985

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  • Vitamin E Content of Margarine and Reduced Fat Products Using a Simplified Extraction Procedure and HPLC Determination

    Ye, L.   Landen, W. O.   Lee, J.   Eitenmiller, R. R.  

    A liquid chromatographic method is described for the analysis of vitamin E in margarine and vegetable oil products (spreads). The tocopherol homologs (alpha-, gamma-, delta-tocopherol) are extracted in hexane with anhydrous MgSO4 added to remove water. Complete resolution of the homologs is achieved on a normal phase column and a mobile phase of 0.9% isopropanol in hexane with fluorescence detection. Based on five repetitive assays the mean recoveries were 99.0+/-1.4, 97.4+/-2.2%, and 99.5+/-2.6% for alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol, respectively. The method is rapid, specific, and accurate for the measurement of vitamin E in margarine and vegetable oil spreads. Further, the method avoids: (1) saponification techniques (2) emulsion forming organic solvent extractions and (3) the use of chlorinated solvents. The limit of detection for alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol were 23.2, 2.96, and 1.98 mu g/100g, respectively. The limit of quantitation for alpha-, gamma, and delta-tocopherol were 39.8, 5.00, and 3.02 mu g/100g, respectively. The vitamin E content of the margarine and spreads ranged from 5.58 to 24.2 alpha-TE/100g.
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  • A. Fukiau, N\"Kongo ye nza yakun\"zungidila (Le Mukongo et le monde qui l\"entourait: Cosmogonie-Kongo). In KiKongo with French translation by C. Zamenga and an introduction by J. M. Janzen. Kinshasa, Office Nationale de la Recherche et du Développement, Recherches et Synthèses No. 1, 1969, 179pp., fig. 56, 175K, $ 3.50

    Macgaffey   Wyatt  

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  • A cryogenic spin-torque memory element with precessional magnetization dynamics

    Rowlands, G. E.   Ryan, C. A.   Ye, L.   Rehm, L.   Pinna, D.   Kent, A. D.   Ohki, T. A.  

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  • A two-dimensional finite element method to calculate the AC loss in superconducting cables, wires and coated conductors

    Hong, Z.   Ye, L.   Jiang, Y.   Pei, R.   Campbell, A. M.   Coombs, T. A.  

    In order to utilize HTS conductors in AC electrical devices, it is very important to be able to understand the characteristics of HTS materials in the AC electromagnetic conditions and give an accurate estimate of the AC loss. A numerical method is proposed in this paper to estimate the AC loss in superconducting conductors including MgB(2) wires and YBCO coated conductors. This method is based on solving a set of partial differential equations in which the magnetic field is used as the state variable to get the current and electric field distributions in the cross sections of the conductors and hence the AC loss can be calculated. This method is used to model a single-element and a multi-element MgB(2) B wires. The results demonstrate that the multi-element MgB(2) wire has a lower AC loss than a single-element one when carrying the same current. The model is also used to simulate YBCO coated conductors by simplifying the superconducting thin tape into a one-dimensional region where the thickness of the coated conductor can be ignored. The results show a good agreement with the measurement.
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  • Subject-Matter Experts in Urban Schools: Journeys of Enacted Identities in Science and Mathematics Classrooms

    Ye, L.   Varelas, M.   Guajardo, R.  

    This study explored how two mathematics/science subject-matter experts (Fellows) conceptualized urban classrooms and the students they worked with for a year, how they negotiated academic achievement with cultural and sociopolitical competence, and how their identities as educators were co-constructed and enacted. Using grounded theory, Fellows' weekly journals were analyzed using Ladson-Billing's three tenets of culturally relevant pedagogy. The Fellows' journeys point to the formation and presence of a prevalent tenet in their identities as urban educators, to the difficulty of integrating all three tenets, and to the tensions that educators experience as they try to become sociopolitically critical.
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  • The 4 May 2018 M-w 6.9 Hawaii Island Earthquake and Implications for Tsunami Hazards

    Bai, Y.   Ye, L.   Yamazaki, Y.   Lay, T.   Cheung, K. F.  

    The 4 May 2018 (M-w 6.9) earthquake offshore of Kilauea Volcano has raised concerns about potential impacts of locally generated tsunamis in Hawaii. Iterative inversion of global seismic observations guided by forward modeling of regional geodetic and tsunami records yields a self-consistent fault slip model to quantify the physical processes. This earthquake, similar to other large events in the area, is found to involve a shallowly dipping thrust fault, plausibly on the decollement between the island volcanic edifice and the old Pacific seafloor. The uplift and seaward displacement of Kilauea's south flank generate a tsunami that wraps around Hawaii Island, exposing all shores to direct arrivals and the interconnected insular shelves to resonating wave activities. The impact along the Hawaiian Islands can be categorized at three regional levels in terms of peak wave amplitude and arrival time with implications for tsunami hazards from future larger earthquakes and flank failures. Plain Language Summary On 4 May 2018, early in the 2018 Kilauea volcanic eruption sequence, an Mw 6.9 earthquake ruptured the south flank of Hawaii Island. The event involved seaward sliding of a wedge of the island offshore of the East Rift Zone, likely on the contact surface between the island and the Pacific Ocean seafloor. The resulting motion generated a modest tsunami that arrived on the shores of the major Hawaiian Islands in less than an hour. The short time before the tsunami arrival prompted concerns about response planning for potential larger earthquakes on Kilauea's flank. A model of the earthquake rupture is determined using teleseismic waves, geodetic records, and tsunami observations. Numerical modeling of the tsunami propagation along the island chain reveals coastal regions with severe, moderate, and minor impact. The earthquake parameters, rupture extent, and tsunami impact from this study are useful for local tsunami hazard assessment and mitigation.
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  • Ion-exchange resin complexes of transition metals-heterogeneous catalysts of liquid-phase oxidation of cumene: V. V. Berentsveig, O. Ye. Dotsenko, V. D. Kopylova, Ye. L. Frumkina, Ye. T. Boiko and T. M. Ivanova, Neftekhimiya 23, No. 2, 238–242, 1983

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  • CGI-99 promotes breast cancer metastasis via autocrine interleukin-6 signaling

    Lin, C.   Liao, W.   Jian, Y.   Peng, Y.   Zhang, X.   Ye, L.   Cui, Y.   Wang, B.   Wu, X.   Xiong, Z.   Wu, S.   Li, J.   Wang, X.   Song, L.  

    Metastatic relapse remains largely incurable and a major challenge of clinical management in breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Herein, we report that CGI-99 is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues from patients with metastatic recurrence within 5 years. High CGI-99 significantly predicts poorer 5-year metastasis-free patient survival. We find that CGI-99 increases breast cancer stem cell properties, and potentiates efficient tumor lung colonization and outgrowth in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CGI-99 activates the autocrine interleukin-6 (IL-6)/STAT3 signaling by increasing the accumulation and activity of RNA polymerase II and p300 cofactor at the proximal promoter of IL-6. Importantly, delivery of the IL-6receptor humanized monoclonal antibody tocilizumab robustly abrogates CGI-99-induced metastasis in vivo. Finally, we find that high levels of CGI-99 are significantly correlated with STAT3 hyperactivation in breast cancer patients. These findings reveal a potential mechanism for constitutive activation of autocrine IL-6/STAT3 signaling and may suggest a novel target for clinical intervention in breast cancer.
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  • ${rm MgB}_{2}$ Sample Tests for Possible Applications of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

    Ye, L.   Majoros, M.   Campbell, A. M.   Coombs, T.   Harrison, S.   Sargent, P.   Haslett, M.   Husband, M.  

    Cheap to make and easy to shape, Magnesium Diboride $({rm MgB}_{2})$ throws the field of applied superconductivity wide open. Great efforts have been made to develop a superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) using ${rm MgB}_{2}$ . With a superconducting transition temperature of 39 K, ${rm MgB}_{2}$ can be conveniently cooled with commercial cryocoolers. A cryogenic desktop test system, an ac pulse generation system and a real time data acquisition program in LabView/DAQmx were developed to investigate the quench behavior of ${rm MgB}_{2}$ wires under pulse overcurrents at 25 K in self-field conditions. The experimental results on the current limitation behavior show the possibilities for using ${rm MgB}_{2}$ for future SFCL applications.
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  • Influence of Ambient Temperature on Nanosecond and Picosecond Laser-Induced Bulk Damage of Fused Silica

    Yang, L.   Yuan, X. D.   Deng, H. X.   Xiang, X.   Zheng, W. G.   He, S. B.   Jiang, Y.   Lv, H. B.   Ye, L.   Wang, H. J.   Zu, X. T.  

    The nanosecond (ns) and picosecond (ps) pulsed laser-induced damage behaviors of fused silica under cryogenic and room temperature have been investigated. The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) and damage probability are used to understand the damage behavior at different ambient temperatures. The results show that the LIDTs for both ns and ps slightly increased at cryogenic temperature compared to that at room temperature. Meanwhile, the damage probability has an inverse trend; that is, the damage probability at low temperature is smaller than that at room temperature. A theoretical model based on heated crystal lattice is well consistent with the experimental results.
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  • Alkylation of o-, m-, and p- cresols with 1,4-dichlorobutane: E. A. Viktorova, N. I. Shuikin, I. Ye. Polrovskaya and S. L. Aleksandrova, Neftekhimiya 1: No. 5, 649–652, 1961

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