We study the B+J/K+ reaction, and show that it is driven by the presence of two resonances, the X(3940) and X(3930), that are of molecular nature and couple most strongly to D*D*, but also to J/. Because of that, in the J/ mass distribution we find a peak related to the excitation of the resonances and a cusp with large strength at the D*D* threshold.

We propose an accelerometer based on a micro-cantilever fabricated onto the side of a single mode optical fiber using a combination of ps-laser machining and focused ion beam (FIB) processing. FIB machining is also used to fabricate a 45 degrees mirror onto the end of the fiber that is accurately aligned with optical fiber core. This provides a reliable means to optically address components attached to the side of the fiber, such as the cantilever. Using interferometry to accurately monitor the deflection of the side cantilever results in a device that is capable of measuring two-axis acceleration. Acceleration up to 6 g is measured with a resolution of similar to 0.01 g and a frequency range from dc to 500 Hz has been demonstrated. The cross-axis sensitivity is below -32 dB.

The effects of planting pattern and irrigation on the soil water content, stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency of winter wheat were investigated in North China during the 2008/09 and 2009/10 growing seasons. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design that consisted of three planting patterns: (i) a uniform row spacing of 25 cm, and alternating wide-narrow row spacing of 40 and 20 cm tested as (ii) flat and (iii) furrow-ridge seedbeds. In addition, irrigation treatments of 90, 135 and 180 mm were used. The planting pattern, irrigation treatments and interactions between them significantly affected soil water content, stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, leaf water potential and leaf water use efficiency. The soil water content, stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, leaf water potential, grains/spike, thousand grain weight, leaf water use efficiency and yield were highest in the furrow-ridge seedbed planting pattern and increased with increasing irrigation (except for the leaf water use efficiency). The leaf water use efficiency in the 135 mm irrigation treatment was significantly greater than in the other treatments. In addition, soil water content, stomatal conductance, leaf relative water content, leaf water potential, grains/spike and thousand grain weight were positively correlated with leaf water use efficiency and yield of winter wheat. The interaction between the furrow-ridge seedbed planting pattern and 135 mm irrigation increased soil water content, leaf water indices, grains/spike, thousand grain weight, leaf water use efficiency and yield. These results indicated that a beneficial response occurred for wheat yield. The furrow-ridge seedbed planting pattern combined with 135 mm of irrigation improved the soil and leaf water status and could increase wheat yield while using less water.

We investigate the spin Hall magnetoresistance (SMR) in niobium (Nb) attached to Y3Fe5O12 near the superconducting critical temperature (T-c) of Nb. The SMR vanishes after cooling the sample below T-c, and recovers if the temperature is raised. When a magnetic field larger than the critical field of Nb is applied, the SMR re-emerges with an enhanced magnitude even if the temperature is below T-c. The experimental results demonstrate that the SMR could be completely suppressed by the coupling between superconducting condensation and spin-orbit interaction in superconductors. In addition to the fundamental physics on the charge-spin interactions in superconductors, our work adds a different dimension to superconducting spintronics. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been used to treat opiate dependence since the mid-1960s. Previous studies have investigated the effects of methadone on cognitive function however the findings have been inconsistent. Some report a complete absence of deficits while others report different types of cognitive impairment. Our research aimed to investigate the effects of MMT on cognitive function by comparing the performance of patients currently enrolled in MMT (n=32) with opiate-dependent subjects (n=17) and healthy control subjects (n=25) on a computerised neuropsychological test battery. Both the patients undertaking MMT and the opiate users showed less efficient interaction between visual searching and manually connecting digits and letters during the Switching of Attention Task than the healthy control subjects (F(2,64)=3.25, p=0.05), which indicates deficits in information processing. Nevertheless, the performance of the MMT group was similar to that of healthy control subjects in all other tasks, in contrast to the group of opiate users who performed poorly when compared to healthy control subjects during tests of attention (mean difference (MD)=2.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.9-4.7), p=0.001) and executive function (MD=5.9, 95% CI (1.3-10.5), p=0.007). These findings suggest that cognitive function in patients undertaking MMT is improved compared to those dependent on illicit opiates.

The inducer operates in cryogenic liquids which have a lower liquid to vapor density ratio, significantly higher slopes of pressure-temperature saturation curve and other quantities such as latent heat and thermal conductivity, resulting in substantial thermal effects and strong variations in fluid properties. The goal of our overall efforts is to establish a predictive tool for cryogenic cavitating flows, especially the transport-based cavitation model. Specifically, a Rayleigh-Plesset Based transport model is presented which considered the thermal effect. A Revised cavitation model is introduced and the computational results of the Revised cavitation model is compared against the previous Kubota cavitation model under cryogenic conditions. Compared with the results of Kubota model, the reduced magnitude of the cavity length is larger for the Revised model and it can simulate the observed "frosty" appearance within the cavity better. The maximum temperature and pressure depressions for the cases show lower and the pressure returns to the free-stream pressure faster for the Revised model. The Revised model can capture the temperature and pressure depressions more exactly in the cavity region, especially at the rear end of the cavity, since the intensity of the evaporation and condensation show large distinction for the previous and the Revised models. The evaporation intensity is lowered, while the magnitude of the condensation term is stronger for the Revised model due to the thermal effect term. As evaporation occurs, the revised term of the evaporation rate is negative which will suppress the evaporation intensity. With increasing the cavitation intensity, the revised term of the evaporation rate become higher. For the condensation term, the revised term of the condensation rate is positive as condensation occurs which will enhance the condensation intensity. It also can be found that the revised term of the condensation rate is higher when the condensation intensity is larger. The Revised model is more sensitive to the thermal effect of cavitation. The effectiveness of the Revised model is confirmed by using experimental data in cryogenic cavitation.

To improve the predictions of the unsteady cavitating flows, a Filter-Based Density Correction model (FBDCM) is proposed, which blends the FBM and DCM models according to the local fluid density. The new FBDCM model can effectively modulate the eddy viscosity, according to the multi-phase characteristic of unsteady cavitating flows. From the experimental validations regarding the force analysis, the unsteady cavity visualization and velocity distributions, the results show that more favorable agreement with experimental visualizations and measurements are obtained with the FBDCM model. Furthermore, the physical instability mechanism of cloud cavitation is investigated with FBDCM model.

Research was performed on an Al0.5CoCrCuFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) in an attempt to study the fatigue behavior. The present fatigue investigation shows encouraging fatigue resistance characteristics due to the prolonged fatigue lives of various samples at relatively high stresses. The current results indicate that the fatigue behavior of HEAs compares favorably with many conventional alloys, such as steels, titanium alloys, and advanced bulk metallic glasses with a fatigue endurance limit of between 540 and 945 MPa and a fatigue endurance limit to ultimate tensile strength ratio of between 0.402 and 0.703. Some unpredictability in the fatigue life of the samples was observed as scattering in the stress vs. lifetime plot. Weibull models were applied to predict the fatigue data and to characterize the variability seen in the HEAs. A Weibull mixture predictive model was used to separate the data into two, strong and weak, groups. This model predicts that at stresses above 858 MPa the median time to failure of specimens in the strong group will be greater than 10(7) cycles. It was shown that microstructural defects, such as aluminum oxide inclusions and microcracks, may have a significant effect on the fatigue behavior of HEAs. It is believed that a reduction in the number of these defects may result in a fatigue behavior which exceeds that of conventional alloys. (c) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Heterocyclic amines (HAs) are an important class of food mutagens and carcinogens produced in meat cooked at high temperature. In the present study, the effects of various cooking methods: boiling, microwave cooking, charcoal-grilling, roasting, deep-frying and pan-frying on the formation of HAs in duck breast were studied. The various HAs formed during cooking were isolated by solid-phase extraction and analysed by HPLC. Results showed that both the varieties and contents of HAs and the cooking loss of duck breast increase along with increasing cooking temperature and time. Pan-fried duck breasts contained the highest amount of total HAs, followed by charcoal-grilling, deep-frying, roasting, microwave cooking and boiling. 9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole (norharman) and 1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b] indole (harman) were detected in all of the cooked duck meat, with levels in the range of 0.1-33 ng g(-1). 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-f] pyridine (PhIP) was formed easily in duck meat cooked by pan-frying and charcoal-grilling in the range of 0.9-17.8 ng g(-1). 2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[ 4,5-f] quinoline (IQ) was identified in duck meat cooked by charcoal-grilling and pan-frying, in the range of 0.4-4.2 ng g(-1). 2-Amino-3,8-dimethyl-imidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx) was detected in amounts below 4.5 ng g(-1) in duck meat cooked by charcoal-grilling, roasting, deep-frying and pan-frying. The other HAs were detected in amounts below 10 ng g(-1). Colour development increased with cooking temperature, but no correlation with HAs' content was observed.

We report giant coercivity (H-C) up to 35 kOe at 4K, measured by the anomalous Hall effect, in perpendicularly magnetized Co (similar to 0.3 nm) films, where Co is approximately one monolayer. The H-C is dramatically reduced with huge applied current, due to Joule heating rather than Rashba effect. It is also sensitive to temperatures, producing almost zero H-C at 200 K. The Curie temperature of the Co monolayer is similar to 275 K, far lower than that of bulk Co. The giant H-C could be explained by the strong interaction at Co/Pd interface, providing a promising paradise: one monolayer, one permanent magnet. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4752446]

We investigate the asymmetric magnetic rotation arising from [010] uniaxial anisotropy in (Ga,Mn)As thin films by measuring the planar Hall effect, with the Hall bars fabricated along [110] direction. Two modes, angle-scan and field-scan, are utilized to do the measurements, both of which show remarkably asymmetric rotations. This phenomenon is found to arise from the minimal [010] uniaxial anisotropy, which is commonly overshadowed by its strong cubic anisotropy counterpart. Besides, we also measure the temperature and film thickness dependence of asymmetric rotation, showing a more remarkable behavior with the increase of temperature or thickness. The direct demonstration of [010] uniaxial anisotropy by an electrical fashion provides useful information for designing electrically programmable memory and logic device on the basis of (Ga,Mn)As. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4788903]

Size effects on bending fatigue characteristics are investigated on Zr-based bulk-metallic glasses (BMGs). The fatigue lifetimes and endurance limits of the large-size samples are greater than those of the small-size samples. The results suggest that although a BMG exhibits good ductility due to the formation of multiple shear bands when its size decreases, the fatigue resistance of BMGs might degrade when the specimen size becomes smaller. The current study finds that small-size BMG samples under bending fatigue could fail in the flexural or fracture mode. VC 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3664846]

The evolution of the fatigue behaviors in Bi3.5Nd0.5Ti3O12 (BNT) ferroelectric thin films deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD) method effected by amplitude, frequency and profile of the driving electric field were reported. It is found that the switching with lower frequency and higher amplitude of the external voltages resulted in higher fatigue rates and only bipolar waveform type voltage can result in fatigue, whereas a unipolar voltage cannot. An empirical function with N/f is proposed in the frequency-dependence of polarization fatigue, where N is the number of switching cycles and f is the frequency of driving. It is indicated that injected charges from electrodes into films, the trapped charges, and suppression of the seeds of opposite domain nucleation are the main mechanism of fatigue in ferroelectric BNT thin films.