A system for updating a database having a size limit is disclosed. The system can dynamically update a table associated with a given call destination based on historical call data associated with the given call destination. The database may specify a size limit on the table (e.g., the number of database entries the table can include, which may depend on the sizes of the individual database entries) associated with each call destination. The system can generate a number of database entries that would satisfy the size limit based on the historical call data and the carrier data associated with a plurality of carriers that may be used to route the calls made to the call destination and insert the generated database entries into the database.
The human Occludin protein is identified as an essential Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) cell entry factor. Occludin is shown to render murine and other non-human cells infectable with HCV and to be required for HCV- susceptibility of human cells. Associated methods for inhibiting HCV infection, transgenic animal models for HCV pathogenesis, methods of identifying compounds or agents that prevent or mitigate interaction of HCV with Occludin, and HCV inhibitory agents are also disclosed. Kits and cell culture compositions useful for identifying compounds or agents that prevent or mitigate interaction of HCV with Occludin are also provided.
Smith, Pete
Martino, Daniel
Cai, Zucong
Gwary, Daniel
Janzen, Henry
Kumar, Pushpam
McCarl, Bruce
Ogle, Stephen
O'Mara, Frank
Rice, Charles
Scholes, Bob
Sirotenko, Oleg
Howden, Mark
McAllister, Tim
Pan, Genxing
Romanenkov, Vladimir
Schneider, Uwe
Towprayoon, Sirintornthep
Wattenbach, Martin
Smith, Jo
Agricultural lands occupy 37% of the earth's land surface. Agriculture accounts for 52 and 84% of global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Agricultural soilsmay also act as a sink or source for CO2, but the net flux is small. Many agricultural practices can potentially mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the most prominent of which are improved cropland and grazing land management and restoration of degraded lands and cultivated organic soils. Lower, but still significant mitigation potential is provided by water and rice management, set-aside, land use change and agroforestry, livestock management and manure management. The global technical mitigation potential from agriculture ( excluding fossil fuel offsets from biomass) by 2030, considering all gases, is estimated to be approximately 5500-6000 Mt CO2-eq. yr(-1), with economic potentials of approximately 1500-1600, 2500-2700 and 4000-4300 Mt CO2-eq. yr(-1) at carbon prices of up to 20, up to 50 and up to 100 US$ t CO2-eq.(-1), respectively. In addition, GHG emissions could be reduced by substitution of fossil fuels for energy production by agricultural feedstocks (e.g. crop residues, dung and dedicated energy crops). The economic mitigation potential of biomass energy from agriculture is estimated to be 640, 2240 and 16 000 Mt CO2-eq. yr(-1) at 0-20, 0-50 and 0-100 US$ t CO2-eq.(-1), respectively.
The present invention provides a crystallized C-terminal domain of an NS2 protein of hepatitis C virus, methods of producing the same and methods of use thereof. The present invention also relates to structural elements of the C-terminal domain of hepatitis C virus NS2 protein, and methods of inhibiting hepatitis C virus infection, replication and/or pathogenesis, by interacting with the same.
The present invention provides a crystallized N-terminal domain of an NS5A protein of hepatitis C virus, methods of producing the same and methods of use thereof. The present invention also relates to structural elements of the N-terminal domain of hepatitis C virus NS5A protein, and methods of inhibiting hepatitis C virus infection, replication and/or pathogenesis, by interacting with the same.
The present invention is directed to thermophilic gram-positive anaerobic host cells. The thermophilic gram-positive anaerobic host cells of the invention, for example Themoanaerobacterium sachharolyticum ("T. sacch"), express heterologous biomass degrading enzymes, such as cellulases, and are able to produce useful fermentation products from cellulose. Useful fermentation products include, for example, ethanol, acetic acid, lactic acid or CO2. In order to provide maximum expression and activity levels, biomass degrading enzymes can be expressed from codon-optimized nucleotide sequences, can be expressed under the control of a high-efficiency promoter, and/or can be fused to a signal peptide. In addition, the host cell, for example, a T. sacch host cell, can be genetically altered to further improve ethanol production, for example by disrupting the production of organic products other than ethanol.
The present invention is directed to cellulytic host cells. The host cells of the invention expressing heterologous cellulases and are able to produce ethanol from cellulose. According to the invention, host cells expressing a combination of heterologous cellulases can be used to produce ethanol from cellulose. In addition, multiple host cells expressing different heterlogous cellulases can be co-cultured together and used to produce ethanol from cellulose. Furthemore, the invention demonstrates for the first time the ability of Kluveryomyces to produce ethanol from cellulose. The yeast strains and co-cultures of yeast strains of the invention can be used to produce ethanol on their own, or can also be used in combination with externally added cellulases to increase the efficiency of saccharification and fermentation processes.
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