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Now showing items 97 - 112 of 81042

  • Review of Olvidadas by Pablo Garcia Gamez

    Glickman, Nora  

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  • Indian Buddhism by AK Warder: Book Review

    RR, Reeta  

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  • Book Review: Cell Biology by the Numbers

    El-Sharoud, Walid  

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  • REVIEW ESSAY “Richard Posner,” by William Domnarski

    Weisberg   Richard  

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  • Lignin Degradation by Fungal Pretreatment: A Review

    M, Madadi; A, Abbas  

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  • REVIEW ARTICLE: SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT BY SOLID DISPERSION

    Patil, A. N.; Shinkar, D. M.; Saudagar, R. B.  

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  • Vibration screening by trench barriers, a review

    Mahdavisefat, Ehsan   Heshmati, Aliakbar   Salehzadeh, Hossein   Bahmani, Hamed   Sabermahani, Mohsen  

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  • Indian Buddhism by AK Warder: Book Review

    RR, Reeta  

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  • Lignin Degradation by Fungal Pretreatment: A Review

    M, Madadi; A, Abbas  

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  • Downstream protein separation by surfactant precipitation: a review

    Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong   Arbakariya B. Ariff   David C. Stuckey  

    In a conventional protein downstream processing (DSP) scheme, chromatography is the single most expensive step. Despite being highly effective, it often has a low process throughput due to its semibatch nature, sometimes with nonreproducible results and relatively complex process development. Hence, more work is required to develop alternative purification methods that are more cost-effective, but exhibiting nearly comparable performance. In recent years, surfactant precipitation has been heralded as a promising new method for primary protein recovery that meets these criteria and is a simple and cost-effective method that purifies and concentrates. The method requires the direct addition of a surfactant to a complex solution (e.g. a fermentation broth) containing the protein of interest, where the final surfactant concentration is maintained below its critical micelle concentration (CMC) in order to allow for electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the surfactant and the target protein. An insoluble (hydrophobic) protein–surfactant complex is formed and backextraction of the target protein from the precipitate into a new aqueous phase is then carried out using either solvent extraction, or addition of a counter-ionic surfactant. Importantly, as highlighted by past researchers, the recovered proteins maintain their activity and structural integrity, as determined by circular dichroism (CD). In this review, various aspects of surfactant precipitation with respect to its general methodology and process mechanism, system parameters influencing performance, protein recovery, process selectivity and process advantages will be highlighted. Moreover, comparisons will be made to reverse micellar extraction, and the current drawbacks/challenges of surfactant precipitation will also be discussed. Finally, promising directions of future work with this separation technique will be highlighted.
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  • Scorpionism by Hemiscorpius spp. in Iran: a review

    Dehghani, Rouhullah   Kamiabi, Fatemeh   Mohammadi, Malihe  

    Abstract Scorpions are distributed throughout Iran and the genus Hemiscorpius is particularly important in this region. Hemiscorpius lepturus is the most significant species within the genus in the country. Since scorpionism provoked by Hemiscorpius comprises a medical emergency, the present study is focused on this important issue. In order to perform the present work, a review of the medical and health-related literature was carried out in several databases. The current findings indicate that six species of Hemiscorpius are found in 15 states of Iran, mainly in the south and southwest. Deaths caused by stings were reported only for two species. The morphological characteristics and geographical distribution of H. lepturus in Iran, its venom and the toxic compounds, epidemiologic data and clinical manifestations of envenomation as well as treatment for affected people are herein reviewed and described. H. lepturus venom toxicity differs from other Iranian scorpions regarding duration and severity. Scorpionism is an important public health problem in Iran, especially in southwest and south regions and in urban areas. It is more prevalent in children and young people. H. lepturus venom is primarily a cytotoxic agent and has hemolytic, nephrotoxic and to some extent hepatotoxic activity. The use of polyvalent antivenom to prevent scorpion sting symptoms is recommended. A well-planned health education program might be useful in preventing scorpionism.=09
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  • How E-WOM motivations vary by hotel review website

    Belarmino, Amanda Mapel   Koh, Yoon  

    Purpose Based on equity theory, this paper investigates if guests write on different review websites because of different internal motivations. Furthermore, it examines the moderating effect of service' exceeds, neutral, negative, and service recovery-on the relationship between motivations and type of website to write reviews. Design/methodology/approach To exam if the star ratings of the same hotels were significantly different across hotel, online travel agency, and third-party review websites, this study collected 12,000 star ratings from 40 hotels across the US and conducted t-tests. A survey of 1,600 US travelers was administered to uncover the motivations for writing on different websites/website combinations. Four different scenarios were used to test the moderating effect of service: exceeds, neutral, negative, and service-recovery. These responses were analyzed using backwards stepwise regression. Findings Star ratings for the same hotel do differ among the three websites; hotel is the highest and third-party is the lowest. There are seven distinct groups of guests. Guests are motivated to write reviews to balance inequitable relationships. They decide which website/website combination best improves the equity relationship. This research indicates that guests' choice of website is based on different internal motivations. The moderating effect of the service experience was significant. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by examining different motivations to write online reviews by website. Prior research typically examined one website or aggregated results from multiple websites, ignoring website specific differences. This can help hoteliers to understand why initiatives to promote reviews on certain websites may be unsuccessful.
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  • Temporal Stress Changes Caused by Earthquakes: A Review

    Jeanne L. Hardebeck   Tomomi Okada  

    Earthquakes can change the stress field in the Earth's lithosphere as they relieve and redistribute stress. Earthquake‐induced stress changes have been observed as temporal rotations of the principal stress axes following major earthquakes in a variety of tectonic settings. The stress changes due to the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku‐Oki, Japan, earthquake were particularly well documented. Earthquake stress rotations can inform our understanding of earthquake physics, most notably addressing the long‐standing problem of whether the Earth's crust at plate boundaries is “strong” or “weak.” Many of the observed stress rotations, including that due to the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, indicate near‐complete stress drop in the mainshock. This implies low background differential stress, on the order of earthquake stress drop, supporting the weak crust model. Earthquake stress rotations can also be used to address other important geophysical questions, such as the level of crustal stress heterogeneity and the mechanisms of postseismic stress reloading. The quantitative interpretation of stress rotations is evolving from those based on simple analytical methods to those based on more sophisticated numerical modeling that can capture the spatial‐temporal complexity of the earthquake stress changes.
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  • Control of cotton pests and diseases by intercropping:A review

    CHI Bao-jie[1]   ZHANG Dong-mei[1]   DONG He-zhong[1,2,3]  

    Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases.Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides.Although chemical pesticides are usually effective,long-term application of these pesticides often leads to increased insecticide resistance in the pests,fewer natural enemies,reduced natural control,and a degraded environment.Because of increased environmental awareness and the need for sustainable cotton production,the control of cotton pests and diseases using biological means like intercropping is increasingly receiving attention.Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often boost the total yield and output of the intercropping system and provide significant economic benefits without sacrificing cotton quality.Intercropping also increases the number of natural enemies,and reduces the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases by altering the ecological structure and environmental conditions in the fields.Cotton-based intercropping is an effective strategy to reduce the competition between cotton and grain or other economic crops for arable land.It is also an important way to increase the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields for the management of pests and diseases.However,inappropriate intercropping can also increase labor requirements and even result in inadequate control of pests and diseases.This review focuses on the performance and the mechanisms of intercropping for reducing cotton pests and disease as well as on the effective management of intercropping systems.The risks and limitations,as well as the study approaches needed and the prospects of intercropping for the control of cotton pests and diseases,are also discussed.This information is intended to aid researchers and growers in designing economically viable and ecologically friendly pest and disease management strategies that will reduce the use of chemicals and the cost of cotton production.
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  • The alteration of gut microbiota by bioactive peptides:a review

    Zitao Guo[1]   Dalong Yi[2]   Bo Hu[3]   Yi Shi[1]   Yu Xin[1]   Zhenghua Gu[1]   Huaigao Liu[2]   Liang Zhang[1]  

    Evidences suggest that the homeostasis of gut microbiota is among the most important factors for maintaining the physical and mental health of the host.Among the multiple factors affecting the homeostasis of gut microbiota,diet is one of the decisive factors.Bioactive peptides derived from protein hydrolyzed by protease or fermented by microorganism have many physiological activities that their parent proteins do not have.Currently,bioactive peptides attract more and more attention due to their bidirectional interaction with gut microbes.It has been reported that some bioactive peptides could alter the composition of gut microbiota by influencing the intestinal microenvironment.Meanwhile,quite a few bioactive peptides that are released by gut microbes or intestinal cells could resist the pathogenic bacteria to sustain the homeostasis of gut microbiota.In this review,some exogenous bioactive peptides derived from food and some endogenous bioactive peptides released from intestinal cells or microbes were discussed to summary their effects on the modulation of gut microbiota.This review is expected to provide new ideas for related research,and as well to promote the application of bioactive peptides in the fields of food and medicine.
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  • 3D printing of glass by additive manufacturing techniques:a review

    Dao ZHANG[1]   Xiaofeng LIU[2]   Jianrong QIU[1,3]  

    Additive manufacturing(AM),which is also known as three-dimensional(3D)printing,uses computer-aided design to build objects layer by layer.Here,we focus on the recent progress in the development of techniques for 3D printing of glass,an important optoelectronic material,including fused deposition modeling,selective laser sintering/melting,stereolithography(SLA)and direct ink writing.We compare these 3D printing methods and analyze their benefits and problems for the manufacturing of functional glass objects.In addition,we discuss the technological principles of 3D glass printing and applications of 3D printed glass objects.This review is finalized by a summary of the current achievements and perspectives for the future development of the 3D glass printing technique.
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