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Now showing items 17 - 32 of 332

  • BIOSENSORS FOR MONITORING BIOMOLECULE LOCALIZATION AND TRAFFICKING IN CELLS

    Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) biosensors for assessing the intracellular localization, internalization and trafficking into cellular compartments of proteins such as receptors, and other biomolecules such as second messengers, are disclosed. These biosensors, which are dependent on the concentration/density of the BRET donor and acceptor in cellular compartments rather that specific protein-protein interactions, use a Renilla GFP/Luc BRET pair, which allows the robust and reproducible monitoring of protein trafficking/localization, with a sensitivity compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS). The use of these biosensors for various applications, including assessing/monitoring protein endocytosis, recycling and intracellular trafficking, receptor maturation/rescue by pharmacological chaperones, various endocytosis/exocytosis processes, activation/inhibition, as well as biomolecule concentration/density in different cellular compartments, is also disclosed.
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  • Possible charge order structure of stoichiometric YbFe2O4

    Fujiwara, Kosuke   Karasudani, Tomoyuki   Fukunaga, Mamoru   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki   Kano, Jun   Janolin, Pierre-Eymeric   Kiat, Jean-Michel   Nogami, Yoshio   Kondo, Ryusuke   Ikeda, Naoshi  

    We report a possible charge ordering model of triangular mixed valence material YbFe2O4. It was found that a crystal synthesized with high stoichiometry on iron vacancy shows new and simple extinction rule in the superlattice reflections. The Laue class of the diffraction signal is expressed as 2/m. With the consideration of the charge neutrality and the superlattice signal of (1/3 1/3 0), we derived 5 possible charge ordering models of this material.
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  • Effect of gut microbiota on host whole metabolome

    Moriya, Takeo   Satomi, Yoshinori   Murata, Shumpei   Sawada, Hiroshi   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki  

    Introduction Recent advances in microbiome research have revealed the diverse participation of gut microbiota in a number of diseases. Bacteria-specific endogenous small molecules are produced in the gut, are transported throughout the whole body by circulation, and play key roles in disease establishment. However, the factors and mechanisms underlying these microbial influences largely remain unknown. Objectives The purpose of this study was to use metabolomics to better understand the influence of microbiota on host physiology. Methods Germ-free mice (GF) were orally administered with the feces of specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and were maintained in a vinyl isolator for 4 weeks for establishing the so-called ExGF mice. Comparative metabolomics was performed on luminal contents, feces, urine, plasma, and tissues of GF and ExGF mice. Results The metabolomics profile of 1716 compounds showed marked difference between GF and ExGF for each matrix. Intestinal differences clearly showed the contribution of microbiota to host digestive activities. In addition, colonic metabolomics revealed the efficient conversion of primary to secondary metabolites by microbiota. Furthermore, metabolomics of tissues and excrements demonstrated the effect of microbiota on the accumulation of metabolites in tissues and during excretion. These effects included known bacterial effects (such as bile acids and amino acids) as well as novel ones, including a drastic decrease of sphingolipids in the host. Conclusion The diverse effects of microbiota on different sites of the host metabolome were revealed and novel influences on host physiology were demonstrated. These findings should contribute to a deeper understanding of the influence of gut microbiota on disease states and aid in the development of effective intervention strategies.
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  • REFRIGERATION CYCLE DEVICE

    A refrigeration cycle device equipped with: an indoor condenser (12) that heats blown air by exchanging heat between a high-pressure refrigerant and the blown air; an outdoor heat exchanger (19) that exchanges heat between outside air and the refrigerant downstream from the indoor condenser (12); an indoor evaporator (22) that cools the blown air by exchanging heat between the blown air prior to passing through the indoor condenser (12) and a low-pressure refrigerant downstream from the outdoor heat exchanger (19); and an indoor heat exchanger (21) that exchanges heat between the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger (19) and the refrigerant flowing out from the indoor evaporator (22). This refrigeration cycle device also is equipped with a gas/liquid separator (14) that separates the refrigerant downstream from the indoor condenser (12) into a gas and a liquid, and during a second dehumidifying heating mode in which refrigerant is evaporated by the outdoor heat exchanger (19) the liquid-phase refrigerant separated by the gas/liquid separator (14) is made to flow into the outdoor heat exchanger (19). Therefore, the heating capacity of the blown air can be improved when the space being air-conditioned undergoes dehumidifying heating.
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  • LIGHTING DEVICE, PROJECTOR, DISPLAY SYSTEM AND LIGHT SOURCE ADJUSTMENT METHOD

    Provided is a lighting device allowing the color balance to be adjusted accurately. The lighting device (15) comprises: a first light source (2, 6, 8) outputting yellow fluorescence; a second light source (3, 7) outputting a blue light; a light sensor (12) for detecting the intensity of a blue component in a combined light resulting from the combination of the yellow fluorescence and the blue light, and the intensity of a first color component contained in the yellow fluorescence different from the blue component; and a control unit(1) for adjusting brightness for the first and second light sources. In a first state in which the first light source is ON and the second light source is OFF, the control unit acquires respectively a first intensity which is the intensity of the first color component, and a second intensity which is the intensity of the blue component. In a second state in which the first light source is OFF and the second light source is ON, the control unit acquires a third intensity which is the intensity of the blue component. On the basis of the first to third intensities, the control unit adjusts the brightness for the first and second light sources, in such a manner that the ratio of the intensities of the first color component and the blue component from the combined light reaches a predetermined ratio.
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  • SOLID-STATE IMAGE PICKUP DEVICE

    A solid-state image pickup device (1) of the present invention is provided with: an image pickup region (101) wherein pixels (100) that photoelectrically convert inputted light into pixel signals are disposed in matrix; vertical signal lines (108), which are respectively disposed for pixel rows, and which read out the pixel signals; and a current source (105) connected to the vertical signal lines (108). The current source (105) is provided with: three transistors (M2y, M3y, M4y (1≤y≤j)), which are disposed between the vertical signal lines (108) and a GND line, and which are connected in series; and a transistor (M5y) having the drain and the source thereof connected to two connecting points where the adjacent transistors (M2y, M3y, M4y) are connected to each other.
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  • Transperineal abdominoperineal resection for anorectal melanoma: A case report

    Hashida, Hiroki   Kondo, Masato   Yamashita, Daisuke   Hara, Shigeo   Mizuno, Ryosuke   Mizumoto, Motoko   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki   Kaihara, Satoshi  

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  • Hypoxic glucose metabolism in glioblastoma as a potential prognostic factor.

    Toyonaga, Takuya   Yamaguchi, Shigeru   Hirata, Kenji   Kobayashi, Kentaro   Manabe, Osamu   Watanabe, Shiro   Terasaka, Shunsuke   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki   Hattori, Naoya   Shiga, Tohru   Kuge, Yuji   Tanaka, Shinya   Ito, Yoichi M   Tamaki, Nagara  

    PURPOSE: Metabolic activity and hypoxia are both important factors characterizing tumor aggressiveness. Here, we used F-18 fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) to define metabolically active hypoxic volume, and investigate its clinical significance in relation to progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in glioblastoma patients.; EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Glioblastoma patients (n=3D32) underwent FMISO PET, FDG PET, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgical intervention. FDG and FMISO PET images were coregistered with gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR images. Volume of interest (VOI) of gross tumor volume (GTV) was manually created to enclose the entire gadolinium-positive areas. The FMISO tumor-to-normal region ratio (TNR) and FDG TNR were calculated in a voxel-by-voxel manner. For calculating TNR, standardized uptake value (SUV) was divided by averaged SUV of normal references. Contralateral frontal and parietal cortices were used as the reference region for FDG, whereas the cerebellar cortex was used as the reference region for FMISO. FDG-positive was defined as the FDG TNR =E2=89=A51.0, and FMISO-positive was defined as FMISO TNR =E2=89=A51.3. Hypoxia volume (HV) was defined as the volume of FMISO-positive and metabolic tumor volume in hypoxia (hMTV) was the volume of FMISO/FDG double-positive. The total lesion glycolysis in hypoxia (hTLG) was hMTV*FDG SUVmean. The extent of resection (EOR) involving cytoreduction surgery was volumetric change based on planimetry methods using MRI. These factors were tested for correlation with patient prognosis.; RESULTS: All tumor lesions were FMISO-positive and FDG-positive. Univariate analysis indicated that hMTV, hTLG, and EOR were significantly correlated with PFS (p=3D0.007, p=3D0.04, and p=3D0.01, respectively) and that hMTV, hTLG, and EOR were also significantly correlated with OS (p=3D0.0028, p=3D0.037, and p=3D0.014, respectively). In contrast, none of FDG TNR, FMISO TNR, GTV, HV, patients' age, or Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) was significantly correlated with PSF or OS. The hMTV and hTLG were found to be independent factors affecting PFS and OS on multivariate analysis.; CONCLUSIONS: We introduced hMTV and hTLG using FDG and FMISO PET to define metabolically active hypoxic volume. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that both hMTV and hTLG are significant predictors for PFS and OS in glioblastoma patients.=20
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  • ALUMINUM ALLOY WIRE, ALUMINUM ALLOY TWISTED WIRE, COVERED WIRE AND WIRING HARNESS

    Provided are: an aluminum alloy wire which has excellent impact strength in cases where a terminal fitting is connected thereto; an aluminum alloy twisted wire; a covered wire; and a wiring harness. An aluminum alloy wire (16) which is configured to contain from 0.03% by mass to 1.5% by mass (inclusive) of Mg, from 0.02% by mass to 2.0% by mass (inclusive) of Si and from 0.1% by mass to 0.6% by mass (inclusive) of Fe, with the balance made up of Al and impurities, and wherein Mg2Si precipitates have needle-like shapes having an aspect ratio of 2.0-6.0. An aluminum alloy twisted wire (12) which is obtained by twisting a plurality of the aluminum alloy wires (16); a covered wire (10) which is obtained by covering the outer circumference of a conductor containing the aluminum alloy wire (16) with an insulating coating (14); and a wiring harness which is obtained by attaching a terminal fitting to the conductor of the covered wire (10).
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  • Clinicopathologic Features of Inverted Serrated Lesions of the Large Bowel

    Kawasaki, Keisuke   Kurahara, Koichi   Oshiro, Yumi   Yanai, Shunichi   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki   Nakamura, Shotaro   Fuchigami, Tadahiko   Sugai, Tamotsu   Matsumoto, Takayuki  

    Background/Aims: Serrated lesions (SLs) of the large bowel occasionally manifest as inverted growths with endophytic expansion within the muscularis mucosa. The aims of this investigation were to investigate the incidence of inverted SLs (ISLs) among SLs and to describe the clinicopathologic features. Methods: We reviewed the colonoscopy records from 2006 to 2014 at our institution and identified cases of endoscopically or surgically resected SLs, including hyperplastic polyps (HPs), sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSA/Ps) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs). The incidence of ISLs among the SLs and their colonoscopic findings were investigated retrospectively. Results: There were 35 HPs in 30 patients, 80 SSA/Ps in 65 patients and 70 TSAs in 65 patients. The incidence of ISLs was significantly higher among SSA/Ps (8.8%) and HPs (5.7%) than among TSAs (0%; p =3D 0.04). A predominant right-sided location, a flat-elevated configuration with a central depression and round-open pit pattern or expanded crypt openings were characteristic of ISLs of the SSA/P type. Conclusions: Right-sided flat lesions with a central depression and round or expanded crypts are indicative of ISLs of the SSA/P type. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel
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  • ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

    To improve the workability of the task of adjusting the position of a limit field diaphragm. An electron microscope provided with an image-capturing means for capturing an image of an observation visual field prior to insertion of a limit field diaphragm as a map image, a recording means for recording the map image, an extraction means for capturing an image of the observation visual field after insertion of the limit field diaphragm and extracting the outline of the diaphragm, a drawing means for drawing the outline on the map image, and a display means for displaying the image drawn by the drawing means.
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  • RADIATION-CURED ADHESIVE COMPOSITION AND LAMINATE USING THE SAME

    There is provided a radiation-cured adhesive composition that is excellent in suitability for screen printing and exhibits high adhesiveness after curing. There is also provided a radiation-cured adhesive composition containing from 10 to 70 wt.% of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer not containing an aromatic ring, from 1 to 10 wt.% of a photopolymerization initiator, and from 10 to 55 wt.% of a cross linking agent; the radiation-cured adhesive composition containing from 10 to 45 wt.% of an alkyl (meth)acrylate having from 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group as the ethylenically unsaturated monomer not containing an aromatic ring, and containing from 10 to 50 wt.% of a urethane poly(meth)acrylate having a weight average molecular weight of from 20,000 to 100,000 as the cross linking agent.
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  • CdTe-Based Photoanode for Oxygen Evolution from Water under Simulated Sunlight

    Su, Jin   Minegishi, Tsutomu   Kageshima, Yosuke   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki   Hisatomi, Takashi   Higashi, Tomohiro   Katayama, Masao   Domen, Kazunari  

    This study investigated the properties of a photoanode fabricated by depositing a p-type CdTe thin film on a CdS-coated FTO substrate (CdTe/CdS/FTO) via close-space sublimation. This CdTe/CdS/FTO electrode was found to work as a photoanode with a long absorption edge wavelength of 830 nm. In a CdTe-based photoanode such as this, the p-n junction formed at the CdTe/CdS interface promotes charge separation of photoexcited carriers and forces photogenerated holes to move toward the photoanode surface to promote oxidation reactions on the electrode surface. A MoOx buffer layer was also found to play a crucial role in facilitating the transfer of photogenerated holes to surface reaction sites through decreasing the energy barrier at the interface between the CdTe and a surface protective layer. A biphotoelectrode photoelectrochemical cell composed of a CdTe-based photoanode and a CdTe-based photocathode exhibited a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency of 0.22% without an external voltage in response to illumination by AM 1.5G light.
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  • HYBRID VEHICLE CONTROL DEVICE AND CONTROL METHOD

    Provided are a hybrid vehicle control device and control method such that a torque loss at the time of shifting during motor regenerative travel can be suppressed with a simple and inexpensive configuration. The control device is provided with: a mechanical power source (113); an electric motor (112) used when starting the mechanical power source; a first clutch (121) disposed between the mechanical power source and a first transmission mechanism (130) comprising a plurality of shift positions; a second clutch (122) disposed between the mechanical power source and a second transmission mechanism (140) comprising a plurality of shift positions; and a control unit (101) that, during regenerative travel of an electric power source (111) linked with an input shaft of the first transmission mechanism and capable of regenerative driving, controls the torque of at least one of the second clutch and the electric motor so as to compensate the braking force of the electric power source that is decreased upon shifting when a shifting request for switching the shift stages of the first transmission mechanism is made.
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  • Metabolomics of postprandial plasma alterations: a comprehensive Japanese study.

    Moriya, Takeo   Satomi, Yoshinori   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki  

    While endogenous metabolites in plasma can be used as clinical biomarkers, intra-day variations should be carefully considered. The postprandial effect is a large contributing factor and is dependent on regional features (e.g. meals, ethnicity). Thus, for clinical application, regional-specific postprandial baseline data are required. In this study, 10 healthy Japanese volunteers of different ages and genders ate the same meal, and blood samples were taken 30 min before and 1 h after the meal challenge. Plasma metabolomics was conducted and metabolites that significantly changed with the meal challenge were extracted. Principal component analysis of the data from 1101 metabolites showed a postprandial shift with a common direction despite marked individual variation. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated known postprandial effects, including the energy utilization shift from lipolysis to glycolysis and the elevation of bile acids for lipid absorption. Other postprandial metabolic changes were observed, including decreases in orexigenic signals and increases of food-derived components. The postprandial alteration accumulated in this study will be used for the understanding of Japanese clinical metabolomics for health promotion in Japan. =C2=A9 The Authors 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japanese Biochemical Society. All rights reserved.
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  • Effects of training intensity in electromyostimulation on human skeletal muscle.

    Natsume, Toshiharu   Ozaki, Hayao   Kakigi, Ryo   Kobayashi, Hiroyuki   Naito, Hisashi  

    PURPOSE: High-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) training can induce muscle hypertrophy at the whole muscle and muscle fiber levels. However, whether low-intensity NMES training has a similar result is unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether low-intensity NMES training could elicit muscle hypertrophy at the whole muscle and muscle fiber levels in the human skeletal muscle.; METHODS: Eight untrained young males were subjected to 18min of unilateral NMES training for 8 weeks. One leg received NMES at maximal tolerable intensity (HIGH); the other leg received NMES at an intensity half of that in the HIGH condition (LOW). Quadriceps muscle thickness (MT), muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA), and knee extension strength were measured before and after the training period.; RESULTS: The average training intensity throughout the intervention period in the HIGH and LOW conditions were 62.5=C2=B14.6% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 32.6=C2=B12.6% MVC, respectively. MT, CSA, and muscle strength increased in both exercise conditions (p<0.05); however, training effects in the LOW condition were lower than those in the HIGH condition (p<0.05). The average training intensity showed a positive correlation with percent changes in muscle strength (r=3D0.797, p=3D0.001), MT (r=3D0.876, p=3D0.001), type I fiber CSA (r=3D0.730, p=3D0.01), and type II fiber CSA (r=3D0.899, p=3D0.001).; CONCLUSIONS: Low-intensity NMES could increase MT, muscle fiber CSA, and muscle strength in healthy human skeletal muscles. However, the magnitude of increase is lower in low-intensity than in high-intensity NMES training.=20
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