Manda, Pratyusha
Feng, Yanjun
Lyons, John D.
Berger, Scott B.
Otani, Shunsuke
DeLaney, Alexandra
Tharp, Gregory K.
Maner-Smith, Kristal
Burd, Eileen M.
Schaeffer, Michelle
Hoffman, Sandra
Capriotti, Carol
Roback, Linda
Young, Cedrick B.
Liang, Zhe
Ortlund, Eric A.
DiPaolo, Nelson C.
Bosinger, Steven
Bertin, John
Gough, Peter J.
Brodsky, Igor E.
Coopersmith, Craig M.
Shayakhmetov, Dmitry M.
Mocarski, Edward S.
The execution of shock following high dose E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or bacterial sepsis in mice required pro-apoptotic caspase-8 in addition to pro-pyroptotic caspase-11 and gasdermin D. Hematopoietic cells produced MyD88- and TRIF-dependent inflammatory cytokines sufficient to initiate shock without any contribution from cas pase-8 or caspase-11. Both proteases had to be present to support tumor necrosis factor- and interferon-beta-dependent tissue injury first observed in the small intestine and later in spleen and thymus. Caspase-11 enhanced the activation of caspase-8 and extrinsic cell death machinery within the lower small intestine. Neither caspase-8 nor caspase-11 was individually sufficient for shock. Both caspases collaborated to amplify inflammatory signals associated with tissue damage. Therefore, combined pyroptotic and apoptotic signaling mediated endotoxemia independently of RIPK1 kinase activity and RIPK3 function. These observations bring to light the relevance of tissue compartmentalization to disease processes in vivo where cytokines act in parallel to execute diverse cell death pathways.
C. Michael Nelson began his special education career as a teacher of adolescents with learning and behavior disorders. He has worked as a child psychologist and as a professor with the Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling at the University of Kentucky. He coordinated the graduate Personnel Preparation Program for Teachers of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities. Dr. Nelson has authored or edited over 100 professional publications. He has prepared teachers of children and youth with behavior disorders at the pre- and in-service levels and has served as principal investigator on a number of research and personnel preparation grants. He has served as president of the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders. Dr. Nelson shared with reflections and thoughts with members of the Janus Project on what he describes as a career that came at a good time.
C. Michael Nelson began his special education career as a teacher of adolescents with learning and behavior disorders. He has worked as a child psychologist and as a professor with the Department of Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling at the University of Kentucky. He coordinated the graduate Personnel Preparation Program for Teachers of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disabilities. Dr. Nelson has authored or edited over 100 professional publications. He has prepared teachers of children and youth with behavior disorders at the pre- and in-service levels and has served as principal investigator on a number of research and personnel preparation grants. He has served as president of the Council for Children with Behavioral Disorders. Dr. Nelson shared with reflections and thoughts with members of the Janus Project on what he describes as a career that came at a good time.
The article reviews several books which include "Principles and Practice of Urban Planning," 1968 series, "The Practice of Local Government Planning," 1979, 1988, 2000 series, and "Local Planning: Contemporary Principles and Practice," 2009 edition.
Haptanthus is known from only a single collection despite several attempts to recollect it. Because of its unique inflorescence and flowers, and the specimen's lack of fruit, the original authors were unable to assign it to an existing family. After 12 years Nelson described it as the type of a new family, Haptanthaceae. The original authors mainly described and illustrated the gross morphology, pistil anatomy, and pollen of Haptanthus. In attempting to assign it to a family, eight familial placements were considered and reasons were given for their rejection. In the present paper additional characters of the leaf, stem, and pistil, mainly anatomical, are described and illustrated. Most of the wood characters are archaic (primitive). Haptanthus has a suite of characters indicating that it is probably wind-pollinated. Consideration of all the characters studied to date, and examination of additional literature and herbarium specimens of several families, enable us to suggest Flacourtiaceae and Euphorbiaceae as the closest relatives of Haptanthaceae. Recently, Flacourtiaceae has been suggested by another author. Key characters of the three families are compared in a table.
Mainline Protestant theologians constructed new definitions of conscience in the 1960s and 1970s by appropriating Catholic sources. Protestant theologians, after previously seeing Catholics as suppressors of conscience, had come by the 1970s to acknowledge the Catholic Church's expertise on the theology of conscience. While the Second Vatican Council and the ecumenical movement provided a backdrop for the exchange of ideas on conscience, they were not the driving force behind the Protestant engagement with Catholic perspectives. Rather, theologians like C. Ellis Nelson (a Presbyterian who taught at New York's Union Theological Seminary) turned to Catholic sources after becoming intensely critical of Protestant teachings on the autonomy of conscience. Increasingly, Protestants dismissed their own conceptions of conscience as inadequate, prompting a search for new sources with which to develop a positive theology of conscience. Both groups found themselves studying psychology and psychoanalysis to apply their findings to conscience. Psychology proved a gateway to Catholic theology. Protestants found that the Catholic theology of conscience-particular its emphasis on formation-helped them to construct new understandings of conscience.
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