The present invention relates to epothilones C, D, E, and F, their preparation and their use for the production of therapeutic compositions and compositions for plant protection.

Fluoroalkenes represent a class of privileged structural motifs, which found widespread use in medicinal chemistry. However, the synthetic access to fluoroalkenes was much underdeveloped with previous reported methods suffering from either low step economy or harsh reaction conditions. Here we present a RhIII-catalysed tandem C-H/C-F activation for the synthesis of (hetero) arylated monofluoroalkenes. The use of readily available gem-difluoroalkenes as electrophiles provides a highly efficient and operationally simple method for the introduction of alpha-fluoroalkenyl motifs onto (hetero) arenes under oxidant-free conditions. Furthermore, the employment of alcoholic solvent and the in-situ generated hydrogen fluoride are found to be beneficial in this transformation, indicating the possibility of the involvement of hydrogen bond activation mode with regards to the C-F bond cleavage step.

Silylene [PhC(NtBu)(2)SiN(SiMe3)(2)] (1) cleaves the C(sp(3))-H and C-F bonds of acetophenone and 1,1,1-trifluoroacetophenone, respectively, under mild conditions. The reaction is initiated via a nucleophilic attack from the oxygen to the silicon atom followed by C-F/H bond cleavage. The scope of C-F bond activation has further been extended with C6F6 and C6F5CF3.

The structure of the unit group of the group algebra of the group C(2) x D(8) over any field of characteristic 2 is established in terms of split extensions of cyclic groups.