A person may utilize multiple connected devices, such as smart watches, user equipments (UEs), smartphones, tablet computers, and/or the like, which may each be assigned unique phone numbers. Operators may assign a common phone number to the multiple connected devices; however, the phone number is not used in the access stratum path of a radio access technology resulting in multiple paging procedures being performed for the multiple connected devices. In implementations, described herein, a first UE, such as a smartphone, may obtain paging information associated with decoding paging messages for a second UE, such as a smart watch. The first UE may use the paging information to decode a paging message of a combined paging cycle established for the first UE and the second UE, thereby obviating a need for multiple paging cycles for the first UE and the second UE.
This paper considers a network of camera-equipped quad-rotors (aerial cameras) as aerial camera network (ACN) where each aerial camera is smart in the sense that it is mobile and can process, store, and wirelessly communicate information. This paper then presents an algorithm for decentralized and cooperative motion planning of these aerial cameras in 3-D environment to observe multiple targets moving on the ground. The proposed algorithm enables the ACN to observe targets from different elevations with the objective of jointly maximizing duration and quality (resolution) of observation for each target. This multi-scale observation depends on the field-of-view (FOV) of aerial camera and the quality of observation depends on the elevation and/or zoom level of aerial camera. The algorithm uses a quad-tree data structure to model not only the discrete movement decisions of aerial cameras in a 3-D environment but also the variations in the FOVs and qualities of observations. The use of artificial forces in the algorithm allows the aerial cameras to avoid collisions and to share the workload of assigning locations and targets to themselves. Simulation results present the effectiveness and performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm by comparison with the existing approaches of multi-target cooperative observation.
Cheng, Zeng
Li, De-Xun
Farahani, Mohammad Reza
Wang, Shu-Wen
Imran, Muhammad
With increasingly stringent environmental limitations, it is essential to develop and study low-emission combustion techniques such as fluidized bed combustion. In this work, an experimental work was carried out to study the influence of minerals on combustion characteristics of Tabas coal in a one-stage fluidized bed. The results showed that the alkaline minerals have a significant influence on the combustion behavior of coal particles, especially at higher temperatures. It was also found that the residence time has a significant role in both the higher thermal energy and char conversion, due to a considerable increase in the rate of reactions especially at the beginning of the process.
Park, Byung-Sik
Usman, Muhammad
Imran, Muhammad
Pesyridis, Apostolos
Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)-based systems are being extensively investigated for heat-to-electric power conversion from various sources, such as biomass, waste heat recovery, concentrated solar thermal and geothermal. The ORC technology has a promising future as it helps to meet energy requirements, arguably with a minimal environmental impact. This work summarizes the current state-of-the-art of actual i.e., experimental ORC system performance, derived from a comprehensive analysis of the most significant, relevant and up-to-date experimental data published in scientific literature. A survey of more than 200 scientific works is scrutinized according to specific selection criteria and data is extracted to develop a database containing thermodynamic cycle information along with component-level performance information. Performance trends are discussed and addressed as functions of first principles. One of the least surprising results indicate that the performance follows economies of scale. More revealing is the fact that the Organic Rankine Cycle conversion efficiency (mechanical to electrical) was around 70%. Furthermore, it becomes clear that there is a large gap between research and development for source and sink temperature differences above 150 degrees C. In general, the overall heat to electrical power conversion efficiency was around 44% of the Carnot cycle efficiency of the cycle. A host of other relevant thermodynamic parameters are cross-compared, as well as compared to theoretical results, allowing a level of practical ORC system design target homologation to be achieved which is useful for the engineer as well as the scientist in the design of ORC components, systems as well as advanced cycles.
Tahir, Madeeha
Naeem, Muhammad Nawaz
Javaid, Maria
Younas, Muhammad
Imran, Muhammad
Sadiq, Naeem
Safdar, Rabia
In this paper exact solutions corresponding to the rotational flow of a fractional Oldroyd-B fluid, in an annulus, are determined by applying integral transforms. The fluid starts moving after t =3D 0(+) when pipes start rotating about their axis. The final solutions are presented in the form of usual Bessel and hypergeometric functions, true for initial and boundary conditions. The limiting cases for the solutions for ordinary Oldroyd-B, fractional Maxwell and Maxwell and Newtonian fluids are obtained. Moreover, the solution is obtained for the fluid when one pipe is rotating and the other one is at rest. At the end of this paper some characteristics of fluid motion, the effect of the physical parameters on the flow and a correlation between different fluid models are discussed. Finally, graphical representations confirm the above affirmation.
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