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Now showing items 145 - 150 of 150

  • RIGOR MORTIS IN ITS RELATION TO DEATH FROM POISON.

    Corey, Lawrence   Stone, E.Franklin   Whitley, RichardJ.   Mohan, Kathleen  

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  • Repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin related molecule: Effects on HIV-1 susceptibility

    Liu, Huanliang   Carrington, Mary   Wang, Chunhui   Holte, Sarah   Lee, Jean   Greene, Benjamin   Hladik, Florian   Koelle, David M.   Wald, Anna   Kurosawa, Kyoko   Rinaldo, Charles R.   Celum, Connie   Detels, Roger   Corey, Lawrence   McElrath, M. Juliana  

    In 1716 individuals-801 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seropositive individuals, 217 high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals, and 698 general HIV-1-seronegative individuals-from a Seattle cohort and a Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study cohort, the association between HIV1 susceptibility and repeat-region polymorphisms in the gene for the dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin-related molecule (DC-SIGNR) was investigated; 16 genotypes were found in the DC-SIGNR repeat region. The DC-SIGNR homozygous 7/7 repeat was found to be associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection (17.5% in high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals vs. 28.5% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals;), whereas the DC-SIGNR heterozygous 7/5 repeat Pp. 0015 tended to be correlated with resistance to HIV-1 infection (35.5% in high-risk HIV-1-seronegative individuals vs. 27.6% in HIV-1-seropositive individuals;). These Pp. 0291 findings suggest that DC-SIGNR polymorphisms may influence susceptibility to HIV-1.
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  • HARVEIAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

    Corey, Lawrence   Stone, E.Franklin   Whitley, RichardJ.   Mohan, Kathleen  

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  • High serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA load predicts the presence of HCV RNA in saliva from individuals with chronic and acute HCV infection

    Morishima, Chihiro   Chung, Minjun   Engelberg, Rebecca   Krantz, Elizabeth   Krows, Meighan   Sullivan, Daniel G.   Gretch, David R.   Corey, Lawrence  

    The detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in saliva was studied. Twenty-three subjects with chronic HCV infection and 1 subject with acute HCV infection were enrolled in a 21-day study. Roche COBAS Amplicor and Bayer VERSANT HCV RNA qualitative assays were used. For the 23 subjects with chronic HCV infection, 72% of 474 saliva samples were positive (or were imputed to be positive) for HCV RNA. Serum HCV RNA load predicted the detection of HCV RNA in saliva (odds ratio of 378.7 [95% confidence interval, 18.9 - 9996.6] for each additional log 10 value). This association was also observed in 1 subject with acute HCV infection. Thus, our data demonstrate that salivary HCV RNA detection was associated with serum HCV RNA load in individuals who were chronically or acutely infected with HCV.
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  • Frequent Release of Low Amounts of Herpes Simplex Virus from Neurons: Results of a Mathematical Model

    Abu-Raddad, Laith   Mark, Karen E.   Zhu, Jia   Selke, Stacy   Magaret, Amalia   Wald, Anna   Corey, Lawrence  

    Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), a sexually transmitted infection, is the leading cause of genital ulcers worldwide. Infection is lifelong and is characterized by repeated asymptomatic and symptomatic episodes of virus shedding that are initiated when virus is released from neurons into the genital tract. The pattern of HSV-2 release from neurons, which harbor the virus, into the genital tract is poorly understood. We fit a mathematical model of HSV-2 pathogenesis to curves generated from daily quantification of HSV in mucosal swabs from patients with herpetic genital ulcers. We used virologic parameters derived from model fitting for stochastic model simulations. These simulations reproduced previously documented estimates for shedding frequency and herpetic lesion diameter and frequency. The most realistic model output occurred when we assumed that the amount of virus shed from neurons daily was minimal. In our simulations, small changes in the average total quantity of HSV-2 released from neurons influenced the frequency of detectable shedding, whereas changes in the frequency of HSV-2 neuronal release had little effect. Frequent HSV-2 shedding episodes in humans are explained by nearly constant release of small numbers of viruses from neurons that terminate in the genital tract.
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  • Adenovirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: effect of ganciclovir and impact on survival.

    Bruno, Benedetto   Gooley, Theodore   Hackman, Robert C   Davis, Chris   Corey, Lawrence   Boeckh, Michael  

    Adenoviruses (ADV) are emerging as important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In mainly non-T-cell depleted HSCT recipients, we analyzed the incidence of ADV infection, risk factors for infection, the effect of ganciclovir administered for prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV), and the impact of ADV infection on survival. The overall incidence of ADV, irrespective of the method of detection, was 8.5% (450/5233) and 12.3% (43/348) after the first or second allogeneic HSCT, and 6.3% (78/1219) and 6.5% (5/77) after the first or second autologous HSCT, respectively. The most frequent sites of infection and disease were stool and gastrointestinal tract, respectively. Statistically significant risk factors associated with ADV infections among allogeneic recipients included younger age, grade II to IV graft-versus-host disease, year of transplantation, and a second allogeneic HSCT. Furthermore, allogeneic patients seronegative for CMV at transplantation and seropositive allogeneic patients who did not receive ganciclovir, either at engraftment or as pre-emptive therapy on CMV reactivation, were at higher risk of developing ADV infections compared with seropositive patients who received ganciclovir (odds ratio=1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2 to 2.8, P=.005 and odds ratio=3.4, 95% CI 2.1 to 5.55, P<.0001, respectively). The hazard of overall mortality was higher in patients who contracted ADV compared with those who did not (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.7, P<.0001). This study shows that ADV infections are associated with poor transplantation outcome in T-cell repleted HSCT recipients. Ganciclovir, given for CMV prevention, may have a protective effect. Controlled treatment and prevention studies are warranted.
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