The anvartha-saṃj帽ā compound associates two contradictory terms: anvartha, which means “[used] in conformity with his [etymological/first] meaning”, and saṃj帽ā which implies the idea of a convention; it therefore appears to be quite intriguing. The question is: is it relevant to focus on this contradiction or is it only a false problem? The aim of this paper is to answer the above question and this implies to grasp somewhat better the use of this notion by the Pāṇinian grammarians. To do so, the author has studied the main texts of the Pāṇinian tradition, having in mind the following questions: did the Pāṇinian grammarians deal with this notion and, if so, in what terms? Did they perceive the contradiction raised by the association of the terms anvartha and samj帽ā? The study will show that this contradiction is only a false problem: according to the Pāṇinian grammarians quoted above, even when a saṃj帽ā is provided with an etymological/first meaning and its bearer (or one of its properties) is partly described by this meaning, this saṃj帽ā belongs, above all, to the domain of convention.

The oxidation behavior of two Cu-base bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), having compositions Cu–30Zr–10Ti and Cu–20Zr–10Ti–10Hf (in at.%), was studied over the temperature range of 350–500 掳C in dry air. In general, the oxidation kinetics of both BMGs followed the parabolic rate law, with the oxidation rates increasing with increasing temperature. The addition of Hf slightly reduced the oxidation rates at 350–400 掳C, while the opposite results observed at higher temperatures. It was found that the oxidation rates of both BMGs were significantly higher than those of polycrystalline pure-Cu. The scales formed on both BMG alloys were strongly composition dependent, consisting of mostly CuO/Cu2O and minor amounts of cubic-ZrO2 and ZrTiO4 for the ternary BMG, and of CuO, cubic-ZrO2, and Zr5Ti7O24 for the quaternary BMG. The formation of ternary oxides (ZrTiO4 and Zr5Ti7O24) was inferred to be responsible for the fast oxidation rates of the BMGs.

This paper discusses the contribution of hysteresis to the measurement uncertainty of industrial platinum resistance thermometers (IPRTs). Hysteresis is one of the sources of uncertainty that has so far not been sufficiently researched and documented. The term hysteresis applies to any system that is path dependent; the output depends on the history of the input. In our case, thermal hysteresis results in different resistance values at the same temperature point, depending on whether the temperature was increasing or decreasing. The reason for such behavior is related to the construction of the thermometer (strain due to thermal expansion and contraction) and also to possible moisture inside the encapsulation. In the process of evaluation of the calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) of IPRTs within Working Group 8, the Consultative Committee for Thermometry (CCT WG8) concluded that the uncertainty due to hysteresis is not uniformly defined and not always added to the total uncertainty of the resistance thermometer under calibration. In order to estimate the uncertainty contribution due to the hysteresis and compare different procedures, resistance measurements were carried out on a number of IPRTs of different qualities and tolerance classes. The temperature span was between −50 掳C and 300 掳C, which is the most frequent temperature range in the practical use of IPRTs. The hysteresis was then determined in different ways (change of resistance at the ice point and at the midpoint temperature according to the ASTM International Standard E644 and according to the new version of IEC Standard 60751), and a comparison of results was made.

In this manuscript we report high level ab initio calculations [RI-MP2(full)/aug-cc-pVDZ] and experimental evidence that demonstrate that important synergistic effects between two relevant non covalent interactions that are omnipresent in biological systems, i.e., π–π and X–H/π interactions (X = C,N,O), occur when the interactions coexist in the same complex. In particular, we study how the π–π interaction influences the X–H/π interaction and vice versa by computing the genuine non additivity energies of the ternary X–H/π–π complexes.

We address the nonperturbative effects associated with soft charm quarks in inclusive B decays. Such corrections are allowed by the OPE, but have largely escaped attention so far. The related four-quark ‘double heavy’ expectation values of the form 谩B | [`(b)]c [`(c)]b | B帽\langle{B}\mid{\bar{b}c\,\bar{c}b}\mid{B}\rangle are computed in the 1/mc expansion by integrating out the charm field to one and two loops. A significant enhancement of the two-loop coefficients is noted. A method is suggested for evaluating the expectation values of the higher-order b quark operators required to calculate charm expectation values, free from the overly large ambiguities of dimensional analyses. The soft charm effects were found generally to be at the level of 0.5%in Γsl(b→c); our literal estimate is somewhat smaller as a result of partial cancellations. We propose a direct way to search for such effects in the data. Finally, we discuss the relation of the soft charm corrections in inclusive decays with the ‘intrinsic charm’ ansatz.