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Preliminary breakdown, following lightning discharge processes and lower positive charge region

Author:
Zhang, Yang   Zhang, Yijun   Zheng, Dong   Lu, Weitao  


Journal:
Atmospheric Research


Issue Date:
2015


Abstract(summary):

Highlights

Four discharge types accompanied by preliminary breakdown (PB) have been identified.

The discharge parameters have been given and discussed in detail.

There are different percentages for the four discharge types.

Parameters and types for the discharges are related to lower positive charge region (LPCR).

PB pulses and following discharges may be an indication of the scale of LPCR.

Abstract

Bipolar pulse trains in wideband electric field records are often attributed to preliminary breakdown (PB) processes (Nag and Rakov, 2009). Using electric field waveforms of lightning discharges observed in Beijing and Guangzhou, the detectable PB pulses and the following discharges are analyzed, and the role of lower positive charge region (LPCR) is investigated. Furthermore, a conceptual discharge model is tested. The detailed results are as follows. (1) The percentages of detectable PB pulses are just as a function of latitude in large range of latitude to a certain extent. But the percentages are similar in a small range of latitude. (2) Four discharge types have been identified. Type I, type II, and type III exhibit PB pulses followed by inverted intracloud (IC) discharge, hybrid flash (an IC discharge followed by a negative return stroke (RS)), and leader-RS, respectively. Type IV only exhibits a leader-RS waveform without detectable PB pulses. It is believed that the charge structures of four discharges are characterized with large LPCR, modest LPCR, small LPCR and little LPCR, respectively. (3) The discharges of type IV are about 65.4% and 63.3% in Beijing and Guangzhou. And the percentages of other discharge types are obviously different. There are higher percentages for type I and type II in Beijing, which may be attributed to larger scale of LPCR. (4) The values of pulse interval (Tpi) rank in increasing order for type I, type II and type III. Compared with type III, type II exhibits longer pulse-return stroke interval (Tp-ri). As for type II, obvious larger amplitude ratio between the maximum peak of PB pulse train and the peak of the first RS (Rp-rr) is found in Beijing. It is speculated that the parameters of different discharge types are related to the scale of LPCR. The analysis results are interpreted by a conceptual discharge model and the rationality of the model is also verified by the results to a certain extent.



Page:
52-56


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