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Scintillators With Potential to Supersede Lanthanum Bromide

Author:
Moses, W. W.  Choong, W.-S.  Boatner, L. A.  Burger, A.  Hawrami, R.  Roy, U. N.  Shah, K. S.  Wilson, C. M.  van Loef, E.  Tillotson, T. M.  Sanner, R. D.  Roberts, J. J.  Pimputkar, S.  Niedermayr, T.  Kuntz, J. D.  Hull, G.  Asztalos, S. J.  Payne, S. A.  Cherepy, N. J.  


Abstract(summary):

New scintillators for high-resolution gamma ray spectroscopy have been identified, grown and characterized. Our development efforts have focused on two classes of high-light-yield materials: europium-doped alkaline earth halides and cerium-doped garnets. Of the halide single crystals we have grown by the Bridgman method—SrI$_2$ , ${hbox {CaI}}_2$ , SrBr$_2$ , ${hbox {BaI}}_2$ and ${hbox {BaBr}}_2$ —SrI$_2$ is the most promising. SrI$_2({hbox {Eu}})$ emits into the ${hbox {Eu}}^{2+}$ band, centered at 435 nm, with a decay time of $1.2~mu $s and a light yield of up to 115,000 photons/MeV. It offers energy resolution better than 3%FWHM at 662 keV, and exhibits excellent light yield proportionality. Transparent ceramic fabrication allows the production of gadolinium- and terbium-based garnets which are not growable by melt techniques due to phase instabilities. The scintillation light yields of cerium-doped ceramic garnets are high, 20,000–100,000 photons/MeV. We are developing an understanding of the mechanisms underlying energy dependent scintillation light yield non-proportionality and how it affects energy resolution. We have also identified aspects of optical design that can be optimized to enhance the energy resolution.


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